Abstract:The decolourization of Turquoise Blue HFG by immobilized cells of Lysinibacillus fusiformis B26 was investigated. Cells of L. fusiformis B26 were immobilized by entrapment in agar and calcium alginate matrices and attached in pumice particles. The effects of operational conditions (e.g., agar concentrations, cell concentrations, temperature, and inoculum amount) on microbial decolourization by immobilized cells were investigated. The results revealed that alginate was proven to be the best as exhibiting maximum decolourization (69.62%), followed by agar (55.55%) at 40°C. Pumice particles were the poorest. Optimum conditions for agar matrix were found: concentration was 3%, cell amount was 0.5 g and temperature was 40ºC (55.55%). Ca-alginate beads were loaded with 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g of wet cell pellets and the highest colour removal activity was observed with 2.0 g of cell pellet at 40ºC for alginate beads. Also, 0.5 and 1.0 g of pumice particles that were loaded with 0.25 and 0.5 g of cell pellets respectively were used and the results were found very similar to each other. Unauthenticated Download Date | 5/8/18 7:04 AM

In present study, CaCO3 precipitation was examined in two ureolytic bacteria. Bacillus aerius U2 and Sporosarcina pasteurii ATCC 6453 were used as test organisms. The determination of urease and carbonic anhydrase enzyme activities were also determined. For further confirmation of the calcium carbonate mineral type produced by bacteria, XRD, SEM and EDX analysis were done. Strain U2 produced calcite and vaterite. In S. pasteurii ATCC 6453, only vaterite was found. The enzyme activity studies showed that both urease and carbonic anhydrase activities was 2-50-fold higher in S. pasteurii ATCC 6453 than B. aerius U2. Although, S. pasteurii ATCC 6453 was better option for microbial calcium carbonate precipitation (MCP) at higher temperature, by B. aerius U2 at lower temperature (<30 °C) is made possible to employ in the most geotechnical applications. Bu çalışmada, iki üreolitik bakteride CaCO3 çökelimi araştırılmıştır. Test organizması olarak Bacillus aerius U2 ve Sporosarcina pasteurii ATCC 6453 türleri kullanılmıştır. Bunların yanında, bakterilerin üreaz ve karbonik anhidraz enzim aktiviteleri de tespit edilmiştir. Bakteriler tarafından üretilen kalsiyum karbonatın mineral tipi konformasyonu için XRD, SEM ve EDX analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. B. aerius U2 suşu kalsit ve vaterit üretmiştir. S. pasteurii ATCC 6453 suşunda sadece vaterit bulunmuştur. Enzim aktivitesi çalışmalarının sonuçlarına göre S. pasteurii ATCC 6453, B. aerius U2'den 2-50 kat daha fazla aktivite göstermiştir. Yüksek sıcaklıklarda kalsiyum karbonat çökelimi için S. pasteurii ATCC 6453 türü tercih edilebilirken, daha geniş iklim bölgelerini kapsayan düşük sıcaklıklarda(<30 °C) B. aerius U2 türünün kullanım potansiyeli bulunmaktadır.

<p>The present study aims to evaluate RV-5R and RBO-3R decolourizing potential of <em>Bacillus</em> sp. DT9 isolated from textile effluent in Denizli (Turkey). In present study, maximum dye-decolourizing efficiency of the culture was achieved at 25 mg l^-1 concentration of RV-5R and 500 mg l^-1 concentration of RBO-3R. While the optimum dye-decolorizing activity of DT9 was observed at pH 7.5 and 37^oC in sucrose for RV-5R (91.66% decolourization rate), 500 mg l^-1 RBO-3R concentration by<em> Bacillus</em> sp. DT9 was decolourized at pH 9.0 and 30°C in sucrose/peptone containing medium (98.41% decolourization rate). In other step of study, DT9 was immobilized in Ca-alginate. According to immobilization results, the percentage of decolourization of RV-5R was found very similar to cell free result. But, the percentage of decolourization of RBO-3R decreased 30.0%, when DT-9 cells were immobilized in Ca-alginate. Metabolites of the RV-5R and RBO-3R biodegradation were analysed via ESI-TOF/MS analysis at the end of decolourization process, and the biotransformation and dimerization was confirmed.</p>

The bacteriological, physicochemical, and melissopalynological properties of some Turkish honey samples obtained from beekeepers and markets were investigated in this study. Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., Paenibacillus larvae, Bacillus spp., total mesophilic and coliform bacteria were screened to determine bacterial populations in honeys. Total coliform bacteria, Shigella spp., and Salmonella spp. were not found. Furthermore, Clostridia, Bacillus and Paenibacillus were in low levels in most of the honey samples. For all samples, the contents of hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), electrical conductivity, total acidity, ash, moisture, brix, total protein and invert sugar were varied from 0.71 to 175.18 mg/kg, 0.19 to 1.69 mS/cm, 23.00 to 46.46 meq/kg, 0.03% to 0.89%, 13.1% to 19.4%, 80.78% to 85.08%, 0.13% to 0.18%, 54.55% to 71.52%, respectively. As a result of the melissopalynological analyses, 52 different pollen species were found. Pollen taxa found in large numbers of honeys were as follows; Castanea sativa, Centaurea, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Ericaceae and Fabaceae. According to the results, honey samples tested in this study were good in bacteriological quality. But, we proposed that collaboration of producers and microbiologists is needed to further improve bacteriological quality. ÖZBu çalışmada arıcılardan ve pazarlardan alınan bazı Türk ballarının bakteriyolojik, fizikokimyasal ve melissopalinolojik özellikleri araştırılmıştır. Ballarda bakteri popülasyonunu belirlemek için Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Clostridium spp., Paenibacillus larvae, Bacillus spp., toplam mezofilik ve koliform bakterileri taranmıştır. Test edilen örneklerin tümünde toplam koliform bakteri, Shigella spp. ve Salmonella spp. bulunamamıştır. Ayrıca, örneklerin çoğunda Clostridia, Bacillus ve Paenibacillus düşük seviyelerde bulunmuştur. Tüm örneklerin hidroksimetilfurfural (HMF), elektriksel iletkenlik, toplam asitlik, kül, nem, brix, toplam protein ve invert şeker içeriği sırasıyla; 0.71-175.18 mg/kg, 0.19-1.69 mS/cm, 23.00-46.46 meq/kg, %0.03-%0.89, %13.1-%19.4, %80.78-%85.08, %0.13-%0.18 ve %54.55-%71.52 aralığındadır. Melissopallinolojik analizler sonucunda 52 farklı polen türü bulunmuştur. Ballarda çok sayıda bulunan polen taksonları; Castanea sativa, Centaurea, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Ericaceae ve Fabaceae. Sonuçlara göre, çalışmada test edilen bal örneklerinin bakteriyolojik kalitesi iyidir. Ancak, mikrobiyolojik kaliteyi daha da iyileştirmek için üreticilerin ve mikrobiyologların işbirliği gereklidir.

"In this research, bacterial cellulose (BC) was produced from Komagataeibacter xylinus S4 isolated from home-made wine vinegar (Denizli-Çal) and characterized through morphological and biochemical analyses. K. xylinus was identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The wet (51.8-52.8 g) and dry (0.43-0.735 g) weights of the produced BC were measured. The morphology of cellulose pellicles was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a dense nanofiber network was observed. TGA analysis showed that the weight loss in the dehydration step in the BC samples occurred between 50 °C and 150 °C, while the decomposition step took place between 215 °C and 228 °C. Also, the cytotoxic effect, moisture content, water retention capacity and swelling behavior of BC were evaluated. In vitro assays demonstrated that BC had no significant cytotoxic effect. It was found that BC had antibacterial and antibiofilm potential (antibacterial effect>antibiofilm effect). All the results clearly showed that the produced BC can be considered as a safe material for different purposes, such as wound dressings."