The widespread COVID 19 pandemic has affected learning and development of students at all ages and the sudden closure of schools has led to the new experience of online learning during this period. The study aimed to explore the perceptions and challenges faced by the teachers and parents of primary students regarding excessive use of technology during online learning. A qualitative approach using an exploratory method was applied to collect the data by deploying self-developed semi-structured interview protocols to collect the data. Three major themes emerged after the data analysis: (a) the debate on online classes versus physical classes; (b) the negative impact of technology on the development of children; and (c) appropriateness of online learning for young learners. The data illustrated that teachers and parents of primary students are not satisfied during online learning because of the adverse effect of technology on the learning and development of young learners. Hence, it is recommended that alternatives should be suggested by the school authorities and government, so that their learning and development are not hampered by the use of technology.

This study aimed to explore the challenges perceived by teachers towards inclusive education in primary schools in Pakistan. It also highlighted the importance of parental involvement in promoting inclusive education. Despite promises, the local government seems to have failed to provide equal access to education for all children in Pakistan. Among various hindrances, negative attitudes of the public, particularly among teachers and parents towards inclusive education can be considered the most significant deterrents to inclusive education in primary schools in Pakistan. Using an exploratory qualitative research design, in-depth interviewswere conducted with primary school teachers (n = 15 selected purposively) and parents (n = 5 selected purposively) having children with special needs. Having a pre-decided inclusion criterion, schools were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The findings of the study reveal that a successful inclusive education setup requires proper comprehension of inclusive education and diversified learning needs, responsible school management, and enhanced parent-teacher relationship. Schools are recommended to conduct awareness programmes for inclusive educational setups. There is also the need for teachers’ training programmes to address the need for inclusive education in society.

The integration of video games into education boosts the engagement of the students, motivation, and learning levels. The aim of the research is to analyse the perception of teachers regarding the relationship between modern video games and life skills of primary level students in private sector of Pakistan. This study is an endeavour to enrich the literature on the influence of modern video games on primary children's education in the private sector of Pakistan. This study sheds light on how challenges in video games directly impact the learning of the students. This research flourishes a comprehensive understanding of the role of video games in improving the academic performance of students belonging to primary classes. A quantitative research design is deemed to be appropriate for this study as there are two variables involved that need to be analysed. To this end, a survey has been carried out with 67 teachers belonging to different schools in Karachi. The outcomes of the research indicated that video games help children in enhancing their problem-solving skills as well as creativity. The findings of the research revealed that video games play an important role in enhancing the technical skills of the student. In addition, the outcomes affirmed that video games play an important role in the education of the children.