Water erosion is a complicated phenomenon that contributes to soil degradation and is linked to natural and anthropogenic causes that are difficult to manage in time and space. It has a significant impact on our country and necessitates a number of studies and efforts to prevent and manage it. Geospatial approaches (GIS tools and remote sensing (RS) data) were used to test the RUSLE strategy in the Joumouaa watershed, where it was found to be accurate. The latter is a mountainous range with a 60 km² area that is part of the Western Prérif and in the Teroual region (northern Morocco). The proposed technique integrates the RUSLE for calculating erosion with geospatial techniques for detecting variables that cause water erosion and soil loss. The erosivity factor R had a range of values, with an average of 1832.76 to 1968.87. It was shown that soils had an erodibility factor k of 0.016 to 0.0245, which indicates that they are the most vulnerable. With the upstream being rougher and more sensitive, the LS factor ranged from O and more than 43%. According to the nature of the land, there are different C factors. Water erosion affects all regions of the basin to varying degrees, depending on the processes that cause erosion. The results show that the soils in the Joumouaa watershed are medium to highly erodible, with maximum erodibility ranging from 50 to 280 t/h/year, a sparse plant covers with little protection, and moderate to high climatic aggressiveness. An understanding of the danger of soil erosion may be gained from this study, as well as a guide for land management techniques and land planning that can be used to construct a decision support tool in terms of natural resource management.

The present study aims to estimate the soil losses in the watershed of Oued Amter extends the length of the internal Rifain domain, located in the region of Tangier-Tetouan-Al Houceima, Chefchaouen province in north-western Morocco. The spatialization of the empirical model was based on the integration of five factors in the Geographic Information System, namely, rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, vegetation cover, topography and anti-erosion practices, and whose superposition allowed the elaboration of the quantitative map of soil losses at the watershed scale. The Oued Amter watershed covers an area of 300 km2 ; it is elongated with an altitude ranging from 0 m to 2100 m from north to south and a slope that varies from 0 to 58.58%. The rainfall study of the climatic stations located near the watershed has shown the irregularity of rainfall in time and space. The erosivity factor R presented values ranging from 1637.09 to 1937.61, with an average of 1787.35 Mj.mm/ha. h. an (Millijoule. Millimeters/hectare. Hour. Year). The erodibility factor K presents values from 0.139 to 0.140 and it showed that the soils little evolved and the Vertisols are the most vulnerable to erosion.

Soil degradation leads to alteration of ecological and economic functions due to a decrease in productivity and quality of the soil. The aim of the present study was to assess soil degradation by identifying physic-chemical soil factors in order to identify soil properties that could be used as indicators for future soil quality conservation programs and their relationship with soil erosion risk in the Oued Joumouaa watershed. Soil samples from three locations with, on average, from 0 to 20 cm depth. distributed on three stations, in a random way. Using discriminant and factor analyses, principal soil factors were identified. The results of the physico-chemical analyses (texture, pH, organic matter, calcium carbonate, assimilable phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, structural stability), show that the soils have silty-clayey-sandy textures, moderately basic pH (7.8 to 8), carbonate rate which varies from (16.86 to 20.36). The organic matter varies from 1.73 to 3.94. The assimilable phosphorus varies from 13.46 to 14.85, The structural stability of these soils under water revealed that they are generally unstable, with average weight diameters ranging from 0.56 (station 1) to 1.1 (station 2) and 1 (station 3). Therefore, it is suggested that the present study can be applied to projects with special relevance to soil scientists, environmental scientists and planning agencies that can use the present study as baseline data to combat land degradation and conserve land resources in an efficient manner.