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The authors undertook to examine 720 monthly observations of activity in 15 Arab stock markets over four years (from 2014 to 2017) to identify the dynamic linkages among those markets. To achieve this, several forms of the Generalized Auto-Regressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model were utilized. Both panel and individual stationarity, in addition to cointegration tests, were employed to highlight the interaction between these markets. The results suggest that Arab stock markets have weak linkages with the exception of those of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The authors also find out that the TARCH, EGARCH, PARCH, and Component GARCH (1,1) models are suitable in terms of passing the econometric analysis tests. Nevertheless, they conclude that the EGARCH model is the most appropriate for capturing the cross-market dynamic linkages, thereby outperforming the other GARCH specifications under study. The empirical findings bear special implications for economic literature regarding linkages of stock markets in the Arab world.

The main objective of this study is to empirically test the existence of an audit expectations gap in the case of Jordan. The study aims to identify whether the audit expectations gap exists between auditors and investors, and between auditors and financial managers, or not. The research data were collected from 62 respondents using a structured questionnaire before being analyzed using SPSS-26. The study findings revealed that a significant audit expectations gap does exist between auditors and investors, and between auditors and financial managers. The results also show that the gap between auditors and financial managers is relatively small compared to the gap between auditors and investors. The study explores the reasons behind the audit expectations gap and suggests possible solutions to overcoming it.