Background The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is rapidly increasing in the world. The present study aimed to assess the prevalence and Predictors factors of CVD based on the data of Kherameh cohort study. Methods The present cross-sectional, analytical study was done based on the data of Kherameh cohort study, as a branch of the Prospective Epidemiological Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The participants consisted of 10,663 people aged 40–70 years. CVD was defined as suffering from ischemic heart diseases including heart failure, angina, and myocardial infarction. Logistic regression was used to model and predict the factors related to CVD. Additionally, the age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of CVD was determined using the standard Asian population. Results The ASPR of CVD was 10.39% in males (95% CI 10.2–10.6%) and 10.21% in females (95% CI 9.9–10.4%). The prevalence of CVD was higher among the individuals with high blood pressure (58.3%, p < 0.001) as well as among those who smoked (28.3%, p = 0.018), used opium (18.2%, p = 0.039), had high triglyceride levels (31.6%, p = 0.011), were overweight and obese (66.2%, p < 0.001), were unmarried (83.9%, p < 0.001), were illiterate (64.2%, p < 0.001), were unemployed (60.9%, p < 0.001), and suffered from diabetes mellitus (28.1%, p < 0.001). The results of multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of having CVD was 2.25 times higher among the individuals aged 50–60 years compared to those aged 40–50 years, 1.66 folds higher in opium users than in non-opium users, 1.37 times higher in smokers compared to non-smokers, 2.03 folds higher in regular users of sleeping pills than in non-consumers, and 4.02 times higher in hypertensive individuals than in normotensive ones. Conclusion The prevalence of CVD was found to be relatively higher in Kherameh (southern Iran) compared to other places. Moreover, old age, obesity, taking sleeping pills, hypertension, drug use, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease had the highest odds ratios of CVD.

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Background Drug abuse is known as one of the most important health, medical, and social problems. Furthermore, this study was performed to evaluate the relationship between opium and lipid profiles. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted on 10,663 individuals, aged 40 to 70, living in Kharameh (south of Iran). Demographic information, lipid profile, and the history of use of opium, alcohol, and cigarettes in participants were investigated. To check the lipid profile, blood samples were taken from all participants. The prevalence of opium use was calculated. Linear regression was used to examine the relationship between opium use and the lipid profile of an individual. A significance level of 5% was considered for the tests, and STATA software was used for analysis. Result Among the 10,663 participants in the study with a mean age of 52.2 ± 8.22 years, about 55.7% were women. The prevalence of opium use among the participants in the study was estimated at 16%. Multiple linear regression results revealed no statistically significant relationship between opium use and lipid profile. Conclusion Contrary to the beliefs that there are about the effects of opium on reducing lipid profile levels, in our study, there was no correlation between LDL, triglycerides and opium consumption.

Background: Hypertension (HTN) is a significant public health concern globally. The study aims to estimate the incidence of HTN among adults aged 40 and above in southern Iran and identify the risk factors associated with it. Methods: The participants in the present prospective cohort study consisted of 7710 people aged 40–70 years. HTN is defined according to European guidelines for HTN management. Firth Logistic regression was used to model and predict the factors related to HTN. Additionally, the age standardized incidence rate (ASPR) of HTN was determined using the standard Asian population. Results: The study found that the incidence rate of HTN during the four-year follow-up was 21.54 per 1000 person-years, with higher incidence in females than males. Risk factors for developing HTN included being old, female, obesity, and using opium. Clinical risk factors included pre-HTN, family history of HTN, rheumatoid disease, kidney stones, recurrent headaches, history of head injury with anesthesia, and high triglyceride levels. Conclusion: The incidence of HTN was greater in women than in men. Furthermore, pre- HTN, advanced age, obesity, opioid use, and family history of HTN were the most significant risk factors for developing HTN. Therefore, it is advisable to develop strategies to lessen modifiable risk factors.