Background: Right ventricular (RV) performance is directly correlated with staying alive in individuals with the pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). There is still large degree of heterogeneity in the RV's response to pulmonary hypertension, despite the fact that the load of pulmonary i.e. lung, is a key factor in determining RV systolic performance in PAH. Objective: The main reason why this study was conducted to find out the normal differential function, interrelationships, and response to pulmonary arterial hypertension apical, right ventricular (RV) input and outflow compartments (PAH). Methods:40 individuals were examined using echocardiography which was 2-dimensional (2D) and also 3-dimensional (3D) in addition to traditional Doppler methods, including 15 controls, with the number of patients with left-sided heart failure was 25, 13 without secondary PAH which was named group-1 (G1) and 12 with secondary PAH was calledgroup-2 (G2). Results: The apical ejection percent was lower in controls than in patients for example the ejection of control was p≤0.01 and p≤0.01, for G1 it was: p≤0.05 and p≤0.01 and the ejection fraction forG2 was: p≤0.05 and p≤0.01, as well as in patients. The Inflow was decreased i.e.: p≤0.001 for both, same in the case of the apical: p≤0.01 for both, and again also in outflow tract: p≤0.05 for both patients showed decreased ejection percent. In G2, however, the inflow compartment achieved the minimal volume simultaneously with the outflow and apex, as opposed to controls where it took 20 ms for it to do so. In patients (in G1: the apical ejection percent was p=0.02 and p=0.01 and forG2 it was: p=0.01 for both), the times for both isovolumic contraction and that of relaxation were lengthened. In controls, volumetric outflow rate decline and the peak RV ejection time were associated (r=0.6, p0.05), however G2's peak RV ejection time was connected with the apex. Conclusion: The inflow of the right side ventricular, apical, and also the outflow tract compartments each have distinctive characteristics and share to the total combined systolic function to varying degrees. The ventricle of the right side becomes one non synchronous compartment in PAH, that can lead to a long-term impact on systemic cardiac dysfunction.

Objective: The purpose of this research is to ascertain the frequency of deeper sections and the diagnostic utility of these sections in non-cutaneous tiny biopsies obtained from a hospital setting. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration: This study was carried out at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Hospital Peshawar, Jan 2022 to April 2022 Methods: In this study, there were a total of 100 patients, ranging in age from 16 to 50 years old. Patients who were hospitalized to the oral and maxillofacial department and who had deeper section procedures were considered for inclusion. Following the acquisition of informed and written consent, complete demographic information was obtained. The locations of organs and the levels at which leaks were found were documented for each and every instance. The mean, standard deviation, frequency, and percentages were the metrics that were used to evaluate the categorical variables. All of the data was analysed with SPSS version 22.0. Results: Among the deeper sections, we discovered that cervix cases accounted for 50%, stomach cases accounted for 25%, endometrial cases accounted for 15%, and colorectal cases accounted for 10%. Twenty-six instances 26%, had a deeper section done, with level 4 being the most prevalent. Although in most cases a diagnosis could be determined from the initial slide, in 55 of these cases (55%), further slides were reviewed to look for additional histological features. The goal was to either confirm the diagnosis obtained from the initial slide or raise confidence in that diagnosis. In 55 cases, 39 (70.9%) showed new pathological abnormalities in deeper sections, whereas 16 (29.1%) showed no change in histological features. Conclusion: A more in-depth examination is typically required in order to arrive at a certain diagnosis. Because of this, it is recommended that, regardless of the extent of the lesion, deeper sections be conducted on samples that cannot be consistently detected on ordinary levels, and this approach need to be standardized everywhere in the globe. Keywords: Histopathology, Deeper Sections, Non-cutaneous, Biopsy