Training nurses to understand the causes of medication errors and related prevention methods should be provided to newly graduated nurses, and continuous training should be provided.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Barriers Questionnaire II (BQ-II) for Turkish patients and to define the patient-related barriers to cancer pain management in Turkey. For this, 170 patients with cancer who used or were still using analgesic medication for pain related to cancer participated in the study. It was found that patients have beliefs that may be barriers to optimal pain management, mostly in relation to addiction, and to a small extent, physical side effects. It was ascertained that male, unmarried patients, patients with cancer who also have another chronic disease, patients whose "average pain" intensity is more than 5 for the past 24 hours, and patients who use an inadequate analgesic have more beliefs that may be barriers to optimal pain management. It was concluded that the BQ-II is a valid and reliable scale in Turkey for defining patient-related barriers to cancer pain management.

Objectives Compliance to treatment is important for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and the prevention of complications. The purpose of the study was to develop a scale and test its psychometric properties for the treatment compliance of the diabetic Turkish population. Methods This multicenter study was conducted in four training and research hospitals. The convenience sample consisted of 350 patients with type 2 DM. The items of the scale were determined after a literature review and qualitative interviews with the patients. Items were psychometrically analyzed. Content validity of the scale was evaluated using opinions from experts and a pilot study. Principal component analysis and the varimax rotation technique were used to evaluate construct validity in exploratory factor analysis. Criterion validity was evaluated with the Attitudes Towards Diabetes Scale, a subgroup of the Diabetes Care Profile scale. Reliability was evaluated with Cronbach’s α coefficient and test-retest analysis of internal consistency. Results The scale consisted of 7 factors that explained 47.36% of the total variance. The KMO test was conducted to determine whether the sample size was sufficient before the factor analysis. The KMO test result of the data was 0.75. The Cronbach’s α value of the sample was 0.77. The test-retest reliability analysis result was r = 0.991. We found a positive correlation between total scores of the developed scale and the Attitudes Towards Diabetes Scale (r = 0.31). Conclusion The results of the study demonstrated that the scale with 30 items is a valid and reliable scale for the evaluation of patient compliance with type 2 DM treatment. Thus, by using this scale, nurses and healthcare providers can evaluate the treatment compliance of patients with type 2 DM.

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