ObjectivesThis study aimed to understand the relationship between sleep duration, inconsistency between weekdays and weekends and depression.MethodsA total of 10,205 participants were included in the 2016 and 2018 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Sleep duration over a week was calculated by averaging sleep durations on weekdays and weekends. Sleep duration ratio was defined as sleep duration on weekends divided by that on weekdays and depression as Patient Health Questionnaire scores higher than 5. We stratified the participants by sex and analyzed using multiple logistic regression.ResultsIn men, those who slept more than 9 hours was compared to those who slept between 7 and 7.9 hours. In women, those who slept less than 5.9 hours related to be more depressed. In men who slept for more than 9 hours and over 1.01 times more on weekends than on weekdays showed the highest chance of depression. In women, the highest odds ratio was associated with those who slept less than 5.9 hours and slept more on weekdays than on weekends.ConclusionsIn men, sleep durations that were too short or long were associated with depression. In women, extremely short sleep durations were associated with depression.