This paper focuses on the coping ability of the existing container terminals when mega containerships call at a port. The length of 30,000 TEU (Twenty Equivalent Unit) ships are predicted to be 453 m and occupy 498 m of a quay wall. As a result, the length of berth should be more than a minimum of 500 m. If a 25,000 TEU ship or 30,000 TEU ship call at a terminal, the outreach of QC (Quay Crane) should be a minimum 74.3 m or 81.0 m respectively. As mega ships are calling at the port, the ship waiting time, the available stacking area, and the number of handling equipment can be limited. The analysis reveals that larger ships wait for longer than the smaller ones because they have difficulty allocating the proper seat on berth. As a result of the survey in a terminal, the average occupancy is shown to be 60.4%, the minimum is 52.4%, and the maximum is 73.3%. Surveying the monthly equipment operation rate for 3 years, the average is 85.8%, the minimum is 80.1%, and the maximum is 90.1%. If a mega ship of more than 25,000 TEU appears, the rate will be excessively increased during peak time.

No abstract

Simulation of the logistics activities related to the arrival, berthing, service and departure processes of ships in container ports can be carried out for different goals such as design of ship-berth link, increase productivity and efficiency of quay cranes, analysis and planning of operations at the ship-berth link, etc. These logistics activities are particularly complex and very costly since they require the combined use of expensive infrastructure capacities especially berths and quay cranes. Ship-berth link as a main port link is required to serve ships as quickly as possible. Thus, in order to successfully design and develop ship-berth link in a container port and utilise it as efficiently as possible, it is necessary to develop a simulation model that will support decision-making processes of terminal managers. The results, analysis and conclusions given in this paper are intended to provide guidance on achieving time efficiency and accuracy in the modelling of ship-berth link and calibration of ship-berth link simulation models for Pusan East Container Terminal (PECT). Maritime Economics & Logistics (2005) 7, 316–335. doi:10.1057/palgrave.mel.9100141

No abstract

Since 2020, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) has tightened regulations on the emissions of sulfur oxides from ships from less than 3.5% to less than 0.5%. As a countermeasure, shipping companies can adopt one of three potential solutions: using low sulfur fuel (LSFO), installing scrubbers, or using liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel. However, considering the environmental aspects such as the UN greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction program and the reduction of fine dust generation in port areas, LNG fuel is ultimately considered to be the most ideal method in the marine industry. In line with this international trend, major port authorities are considering building LNG bunkering stations, but the proper methods and criteria for estimating the size of LNG bunkering infrastructure are not clear. This study proposes a method of estimating the size of LNG infrastructure required with consideration for the operational status of ports according to the estimated amount of bunkering demand at a future time with the case study of Busan Port in Korea. In order to estimate the detailed demand amount by inbound vessels, a simulation modeling technique is applied as a tool of research.