Energy and environmental issues presently attract a great deal of scientific attention. Recently, two-dimensional MXenes and MXene-based nanomaterials have attracted increasing interest because of their unique properties (e.g., remarkable safety, a very large interlayer spacing, environmental flexibility, a large surface area, and thermal conductivity). In 2011, multilayered MXenes (Ti 3 C 2 T x , a new family of two-dimensional (2D) materials) produced by etching an A layer from a MAX phase of Ti 3 AlC 2 , were first described by researchers at Drexel University. The term "MXene" was coined to distinguish this new family of 2D materials from graphene, and applies to both the original MAX phases and MXenes fabricated from them. We present a comprehensive review of recent studies on energy and environmental applications of MXene and MXene-based nanomaterials, including energy conversion and storage, adsorption, membrane, photocatalysis, and antimicrobial. Future research needs are discussed briefly with current challenges that must be overcome before we completely understand the extraordinary properties of MXene and MXene-based nanomaterials.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with ultraviolet absorbance (UVA) and on-line dissolved organic carbon (DOC) detectors has been adapted and optimized under various conditions. An enhanced HPSEC-UVA system employing a modified commercially available DOC detector provides a better understanding of the qualitative and quantitative natural organic matter (NOM) properties in water samples by detecting aromatic and nonaromatic fractions of NOM as a function of molecular weight (MW). The most critical merit of this system is that the DOC detector is readily available and widely used. With only a few modifications, a commercially available TOC analyzer served as a DOC detector, integrated with the HPSEC to measure DOC along with UVA, and provided a specific UVA (SUVA) chromatograph that is useful information for drinking water plant design and operation. Without preconcentration, samples can be analyzed with a small amount of sample, with a DOC detection limit as low as 0.1 mg/L (as DOC).
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