This systematic search strategy demonstrated a high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for identifying publications resulting from pharmacy residency projects using information available in residency conference abstracts.

Background: Pharmacy residency programs provide research training experiences to residents, and publication is considered an indicator of high-quality research experiences. Objective: This study described attributes of pharmacy residents, residency programs, and residency major research projects and their associations with the outcome of publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Methods: Pharmacy residents who graduated from one academic medical center between 2001 and 2012 were invited to participate via an electronic survey distributed in February 2014. The survey collected attributes of the resident, residency program, and research project. The outcome of publication was self-reported by residents in 2014 and updated in July 2019 using a validated search strategy. Results: This study included 53 resident graduates representing 66 major pharmacy residency projects. Eighteen (27%) projects were published, occurring at an average of 13.8 months after residency graduation. The outcome of publication was more likely for residents with human subjects research experience prior to PGY1 training, residency programs that cultivated resident expertise in Institutional Review Board submission and statistical analysis, and projects with Institutional Review Board approval, a larger number of co-investigators, non-pharmacy co-investigators, and a larger sample size. Conclusion: This cohort of residents, programs, and projects at an academic medical center identified many modifiable attributes that were associated with successful publication of resident research projects. Unfortunately, residency projects rarely used study design features that attenuate bias. Residents and preceptors were perceived as having limited expertise with statistical analysis and database management, which underscores the need to develop research infrastructure to enhance research training for pharmacy students, residents, and preceptors.