BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental condition which has posed a challenge to carers, pediatricians and dentists through the years. Over the last four decades, the disorder has been better understood and management techniques have evolved. In the field of dentistry, the autistic child presents difficulty in management, even for the simplest dental procedures. A comprehensive understanding of other psychoeducational and behavioral approaches to manage autism is very important. This article aims to introduce various important key techniques such as Applied Behavior Analysis, TEACCH, Sensory Adapted Dental Environment, Picture Exchange Communication System, and Animal Assisted Therapy and analyze their application in dentistry.MethodsA search of literature was carried out in Clinicaltrials.gov, Medline and Scopus with the search terms “Applied Behavior Analysis,” “TEACCH,” “Sensory Adapted Dental Environment,” “Picture Exchange Communication System,” and “Animal Assisted Therapy” along with “autism OR autistic,” “dental OR dentistry OR oral health.” After the screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 eligible articles were included, in English, published within the last 10 years.ResultsLimited research was available regarding these lesser‐known behavioral approaches in dentistry. The few that were available showed encouraging results. The different techniques proved useful in increasing acceptance of dental treatment and reducing behavioral disturbances. The patients experienced reduced dental anxiety, lesser discomfort, improved communication, and knowledge.ConclusionPediatric and special care dentists are likely to benefit by incorporating the recommended comprehensive behavior management techniques in their practice. There is evidence that these techniques will reduce behavioral disturbances in autistic children thereby making primary dental care possible without the need for sedation or general anesthesia.

Sturge–Weber Syndrome (SWS) is a neuro-oculo-cutaneous vascular disorder that includes leptomeningeal hemangioma and port wine stains, usually ipsilaterally, with ocular manifestations and extended lesions over the oral cavity. It is an embryonic developmental disorder affecting both mesodermal and ectodermal germ layers, associated with somatic mutation of gene GNAQ. It has a sporadic occurrence of 1:50,000 and no gender predilection. This case report added to the knowledge and understanding of systematic rehabilitation of a child patient with SWS and its associated risk factors in an emergency scenario. A 3.5-year-old girl child with a known diagnosis of SWS presented abscess over the right lower mandibular deciduous teeth and distinct oral features of SWS, requiring emergency endodontic intervention, followed by full mouth rehabilitation. Thus, an in-depth knowledge of the clinical state that helps in the expert assessment of dental interventions, including emotional co-regulation in those children, is essential. Keywords: Angiomatosis; Endodontics; Port Wine Stain; Syndrome

Psychology of human nature and its understanding is the key to smooth interactions between two human beings. It is of great importance to dental surgeons and dental nurses who are dealing with persons in times of distress. These are various theories of developmental psychology given by different authors. The psychosexual theory by an Austrian neurologist Dr. Sigmund Freud and the psychosocial theory by Erik Erikson are the two main theories that explain psychological development and maturity. They have important dental implications, which are discussed in this chapter. The theory of classical conditioning, as given by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist, is discussed.