Climate change and its impact on human health and awareness constitute a set of complex and serious consequences to be tackled by an individual country. It is not merely an environmental issue, but it is also a threat that goes beyond the national borders. The purpose of this study is to assess the awareness on effect of climate change on human health among the secondary level students of Biratnagar. The research design was descriptive cross-sectional and data was collected from 110 samples through the census method using the semi-structured self-administered questionnaire. Among the respondents, 84.5% knew that climate change can be prevented. Moreover, 50.9% perceived that climate change is an unbreakable process; 77.3% of them perceived climate change is the cause of new disease; and 81.8% of them are concerned about preventing the effects of climate change on human health. Among the respondents, 10% had adequate awareness. The study concluded that half of the secondary level students have inadequate level of awareness on effects of climate change on human health in Biratnagar. It is recommended that awareness should be increased by involving them in the project work activities and reinforcing the component of curriculum.

Background and objectives: Family planning not only improves women’shealth but also promotes gender equality, better child health, and education, including poverty reduction. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the utilization of family planning methods and associated factors in Sunsari, Nepal. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among women of the reproductive age group (15-49 years) in Sunsari in 2020. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to collect information from 212 respondents through face-to-face interviews using a Semi-structured interview schedule from ward no 1 of Barju rural municipality. Descriptive and inferential analysis (binary logistic regression)were used to find the association of utilization of family planning methods with selected demographic variables. All the variables with a p-value <0.1 in bivariate analysis were included in multivariate analysis. A p-value of <0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance at a level of significance of 5%. Results: This study showed that the mean age and standard deviation of the respondents was 26±7.03 and 91.5 % of respondents’ age at marriage was less than 20 years.Likewise,67.5% of respondents use any methods of family planning and 55.2% of respondents use family planning services from the government health facility. Furthermore, education ((AOR 1.579, CI 1.013-2.462), husband’s occupation (AOR1.095,CI 0.744-1.610), type of family ((AOR 2.741, CI 1.210-6.210), and no of the living son ((AOR 0.259, CI 0.077-0.872) are the factors associated with the utilization of family planning methods. Conclusion: This study concludes that two-thirds of the reproductive age women utilize family planning methods. Furthermore, education, husband’s occupation, type of family, and no of living son are the factors associated with the utilization of family planning methods. This reflects that awareness through mass media including behavioral communication is needed to increase the utilization of family planning methods.

Background and Objectives: Oral cancer is one of the highly prevalent cancers worldwide and a leading cause of mortality in certain regions like South-Central Asia and a major public health problem. According to National Health Policy, oral cancer is the most common form of cancer in men and the third most common cancer in females in Nepal. Several studies have shown that public is not well aware of risk factors associated with oral cancer. The objective of this study was to assess the awareness of oral cancer among people of Tarahara-20. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among people of age group 18-65 years in 2019. Data were collected from 128 respondents through face to face interview using Semi – structured interview schedule with non-probability purposive sampling method. Data entry and analysis was done in SPSS version 17. Descriptive statistics i.e. frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation was used to assess the level of knowledge and inferential statistics i.e. chi square was used to find the association between awareness of oral cancer and selected demographic variables. Results: Total findings of the study showed that More than half (52.3%) of respondents were known about treatment modalities of Oral cancer whereas two third, 78.9% of respondents stated out movement is best for physical rehabilitation. Likewise, more than half (65.6%) had moderate level of awareness and 28.1% of the respondents had inadequate level of awareness regarding oral cancer. The result showed there was no association between level of awareness of oral cancer and selected demographic variables. Conclusion: The study concluded that awareness regarding oral cancer is moderate among community people of Tarhara. It reflects that efforts should be made to increase the awareness regarding oral cancer. Health education regarding oral cancer and its risk factors with periodic reinforcement will play an important role in creating awareness.

Background Reduced physical activity is one of the major factors affecting health and has been a serious global problem during COVID-19. Prolonged homestays can lead to increased sedentary behavior and reduced physical activity for nursing students. The objective of this study was to assess the level of physical activity among nursing students. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out on nursing campuses of Tribhuvan University in 2020 among undergraduate nursing students using a self-administered structured International Physical Activity questionnaire. Samples of 255 students using proportionate systematic random sampling were included. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 17. The total score of physical activity over the recent last seven days period was calculated by adding the total of duration and the frequency of all the activities which was expressed in terms of MET (Multiples of Resting Metabolic Rate)-minutes /week. The level of physical activity was categorized as low, moderate, and high. Ordinal logistic regression was used to find the association between the level of physical activity and selected demographic variables. Results The study showed that 38.4% of respondents were from the age group 22-24 years and engagement in vigorous physical activity was lower but the median time spent on moderate MET-Minutes/Week was 630 (1620-180). Likewise, 29.4% have low and 49% have a moderate level of Physical Activity. Furthermore, there is an association between the level of physical activity with the place of residence. Conclusions The study concludes that more than one-third of respondents have a low level of physical activity and nearly half have a moderate level. Furthermore, there is an association between the level of physical activity and place of residence. This reflects the need to sensitize nursing students to adopt physical activity in everyday life to improve general health and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic.