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WSNs are autonomous sensors that are distributed spatially than can supervise conditions that can be physical or environmental, such as temperature, sound, pressure, etc., and to transfer their data to a main location cooperatively through the network. Events are detected by Nodes and then sent to the Base Station(BS) relevant data. Replacing batteries quite often in remote locations is not feasible. Using the clustering approach, the energy consumption of such networks is minimised. One of the important methods to extend the life of the network in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is clustering. For all the clusters, it involves grouping sensor nodes into clusters and choosing cluster heads (CHs). Cluster heads are subject to excessive battery drain in those near the BS. In this paper, therefore, approaches are discussed for increasing energy efficiency and network lifetime.

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