Background: Effective family management can improve the ability of children's families to cope with the disease. However, the family management styles of children with leukemia are unknown. Objective: This study used a family management style framework and structural equation model to determine the direct and indirect predictors of family management of children with leukemia. Methods: A total of 496 parents of children with leukemia completed the Family Management Measure, the Feetham Family Functioning Survey, the Social Support Rating Scale, and a demographic family information form. We used structural equation modeling to explore the direct and indirect effects of the study variables on family management styles. Results: Family functioning, family income, parental education level, and geographic location affect family management directly, among which family functioning has the most significant coefficient in the model (0.53). Siblings and social support can affect family management through the mediating effect of family functioning. Employment change can directly affect family management (−0.27) and indirectly affect family functioning (−0.08). Conclusions: Our results support the family management style framework.Individual and family factors such as family income, parental education level, geographic location, employment change, siblings, and social support contribute to the ease or difficulty of family management. In addition, family functioning can also

Background: Exploring the experience and understanding of death in children with terminal cancer is important to provide them with appropriate care. However, most studies have focused on the perspectives of parents and healthcare professionals, and few have focused on the end-of-life experiences of children. Aim: To advance the understanding of end-of-life experiences and perceptions of death in children with cancer. Design: Interpretative qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Setting/participants: The study was conducted at the department of oncological surgery, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Ten children aged 8–17 with terminal cancer were included in the study. Results: Four major themes (and eight sub-themes) were identified from the findings: (1) helplessness in the face of death (loneliness, loss of control); (2) desire to connect with the world they left (reluctantly to be forgotten, sense of self-worth); (3) perceptions and attitudes toward death (separating from loved ones, embracing death); (4) expectations of future life (promoting comfort, fulfilling wishes). Conclusions: Children with terminal cancer have a strong sense of loneliness and a desire to connect with the world they have left behind. Differences in children’s perceptions and attitudes about death suggest that healthcare professionals should focus on their experiences and needs and provide personalized palliative care services to children and their families to improve their quality of life.

Generally, pulmonary artery sling operation involves the pulmonary artery transplantation to be cut off. Nursing care is focused on the postoperative pulmonary vascular anastomosis, respiratory tract, and blood pressure after surgery. We report the case of an infant who underwent pulmonary artery tracheal transposition combined with Slide keratoplasty, where the pulmonary artery transplantation was not cut off. We highlight that postoperative pulmonary artery blood flow to the unobstructed airway and airway reconstruction surgery should be focused on to help children recover and ensure successful surgery. This case study reports the postoperative nursing experience of one patient with pulmonary artery sling undergoing pulmonary tracheal transposition combined with Slide arthroplasty. This demonstrates that throughout the postoperative care, airway management should be focused on to maintain circulation stability in the early postoperative period, and corresponding measures such as posture management, atomization inhalation, and improved chest physical therapy should be applied according to the special surgical method of the case in order to reduce airway complications and to improve the surgical success rate of children with pulmonary artery sling undergoing pulmonary tracheal transposition combined with Slide arthroplasty. In similar cases, after pulmonary tracheal transposition and Slide angioplasty, the doctors and nurses should pay attention to early circulation stability and focus on airway management through careful treatment and nursing, so as to promote the child's recovery.