Highly reproducible organometallic-halide-perovskite-based devices are fabricated by a manufacturing process, which is demonstrated. Various shapes that are hard to synthesize directly are fabricated, and many unique properties are achieved.The fabrication procedure is utilized to create a photodetector and the detection sensitivity is significantly improved. The results will bring revolutionary advancement to the future of lead-halide-perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.

Salt stress reduces plant growth and is now becoming one of the most important factors restricting agricultural productivity. Inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been shown to confer plant tolerance against abiotic stress, but the detailed mechanisms of how this occurs remain unclear. In this study, hydroponic experiments indicated that the PGPR strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SQR9 could help maize plants tolerate salt stress. After exposure to salt stress for 20 days, SQR9 significantly promoted the growth of maize seedlings and enhanced the chlorophyll content compared with the control. Additional analysis showed that the involved mechanisms could be the enhanced total soluble sugar content for decreasing cell destruction, improved peroxidase/catalase activity and glutathione content for scavenging reactive oxygen species, and reduced Na(+) levels in the plant to decrease Na(+) toxicity. These physiological appearances were further confirmed by the upregulation of RBCS, RBCL, H(+) -PPase, HKT1, NHX1, NHX2 and NHX3, as well as downregulation of NCED expression, as determined by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. However, SQR9 counteracted the increase of abscisic acid in response to salt stress. In summary, these results show that SQR9 confers plant salt tolerance by protecting the plant cells and managing Na(+) homeostasis. Hence, it can be used in salt stress prone areas, thereby promoting agricultural production.

Hybrid plasmonic nanolasers are intensively studied due to their nanoscale mode confinement and potentials in highly integrated photonic and quantum devices. Until now, the characteristics of plasmonic nanolasers are mostly determined by the crystal facets of top semiconductors, such as ZnO nanowires or nanoplates. As a result, the spasers are isolated, and their lasing wavelengths are random and difficult to tune. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate the formation of lead halide perovskite (MAPbX) based hybrid plasmonic nanolasers and nanolaser arrays with arbitrary cavity shapes and controllable lasing wavelengths. These spasers are composed of MAPbX perovskite nanosheets, which are separated from Au patterns with a 10 nm SiO spacer. In contrast to previous reports, here, the spasers are determined by the boundary of Au patterns instead of the crystal facets of MAPbX nanosheets. As a result, whispering gallery mode based circular spasers and spaser arrays were successfully realized by patterning the Au substrate into circles and gratings, respectively. The standard wavelength deviation of spaser arrays is as small as 0.3 nm. Meanwhile, owing to the anion-exchangeable property of MAPbX perovskite, the emission wavelengths of spasers were tuned more than 100 nm back and forth by changing the stoichiometry of perovskite postsynthetically.