Delays (waiting time) often occur in computer use, and an illusion of changing subjective elapsed time occurs unintentionally due to perceptual stimuli from computer interfaces. Since these can adversely affect users' experiences and minds, investigating and manipulating the illusion of changing the subjective elapsed time on computer interfaces has been an important topic for many years. While many studies have focused on visual interfaces, few studies examine the following two research questions. (1) The possibility that the illusion manipulation methods verified in a specific condition may cause completely different tendencies of illusions due to some factors. (2) Illusion manipulation methods of changing the subjective elapsed time by using only visual stimuli in a small space at the edge of the field of view/screen. Therefore, this study verified these two research questions. We designed two methods of changing visual stimuli frequency and visual stimuli duration. We also designed two visualization styles of Blinking Visualization Style and Vibration Visualization Style. Three evaluation was conducted. Firstly, the results showed the feasibility of the illusion manipulation methods using visual stimuli in a small space at the edge of the field of view/screen. Subjective elapsed time changed with a constant trend from -8.9 to 0.6% in 10 seconds. Secondly, the results showed the possibility that the tendency of illusions caused by the same visual stimulus pattern could change when different visualization styles were used. Specifically, when using the method of changing visual stimuli duration, the increase or decrease in subjective elapsed time was reversed depending on the difference between blinking and Vibration Visualization Styles. Thirdly, the results showed the possibility that the tendency of illusions caused by visual stimuli could change when there is visual information other than illusions-inducing visual stimuli (i.e., when some of the user's attention are diverted to other than illusions-inducing visual stimuli). Specifically, when using the method of changing visual stimuli frequency, the increase or decrease in subjective elapsed time was reversed depending on whether there is visual information other than illusions-inducing visual stimuli (e.g., an advertisement video, a firstperson perspective movie walking an outdoor). These results provide new insights for designers, researchers, and users to explore and consider the illusion of subjective elapsed time caused by visual interfaces.
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