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The Oegopsida family Onychoteuthidae contains five genera, namely, Onychoteuthis, Ancistroteuthis, Onykia, Moroteuthis, and Kondakovia. The genus Chaunotuethis is considered to represent spent individuals of the other genera of the family. The present study clarified that two well-known nominal species, Onychoteuthis banksii (Leach, 1817) and Ancistroteuthis lichtensteinii (Ferussac and Orbigny, 1839), both represent species complexes in their broad distributional ranges. The genus Onykia may represent immature stages of other onychoteuthids. Moroteuthis robsoni Adam, 1962, which has hitherto been considered to be a Southern Ocean species, appears to extend its distribution into the warm Atlantic region. Reliable taxonomic records as well as knowledge of distributional differentiation by growth stage are still too scarce to draw a zoogeographical picture of each species in this family.

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phylogeny by monophyly, but classification Pz does not because the class P2l = (A, B, C) does not contain all and only the descendants of any common ancestor.