Our study demonstrated a small increase in minor respiratory complications in obese children who underwent anesthesia. Inhalation induction was not associated with an increase in adverse events in this population.

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We present a case of a newborn with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The anesthesia management for the repair of the TEF is presented and the management of the unique pathophysiology of the HLHS circulation is discussed.

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group are less frequently medicated with stimulants. 2 Third, contrary to the authors' statement, Baltimore County's median per capita income in the latest national census was well above the national average. 3 Fourth, rhetoric on the DSM-IV classification of ADHD as being "in the eye of the beholder" does not add to the scientific process at all. Fifth, if anything is a "guesstimate" of medication usage, it is not population-based estimates from multiple, large datasets, but the extrapolation from production quotas.To get beyond descriptive epidemiology, American researchers will have to develop outcome studies that assess the following issues: 1) the extent of duration of treatment; 2) effectiveness under usual practice conditions with outcomes that include school performance and social adjustment as well as symptom improvement; 3) long-term effectiveness of first-line treatments; 4) extent of additional medications or switches to second-line treatments; 5) parental satisfaction with treatment.Although this research would have been daunting in the past, the advent of computerization, managed care health information systems, and newly emerging practice research networks make us hopeful. Longitudinal studies in large cohorts can produce systematic information that will put Dr Diller and Dr Morrow's concerns into a scientific framework. When that happens, their rhetoric will be replaced by benefit-to-risk assessment data. These outcome data can then be used to keep our clinical practices in synch with our humanistic values. REFERENCES1. Wolraich ML, Hannah JN, Pinnock TY, Baumgaertel A, Brown J. Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in a county-wide sample.