The growth of the Indonesian population has led to an increase in the demand for rice, which the country has yet to satisfy. Indonesia needs a comprehensive strategy that integrates meaningful efforts to increase its agricultural production. This study aims to review the examined trends in rice yield in Indonesia for 70 years after Indonesia’s independence (1945–2016) followed by the identification of the application technology and factors that contribute to increasing rice yields to forecast sustainable food security scenarios up to 2030. This article reviews the results of research on rice production technology in Indonesia from 1945 to 2016, and the outlook for 2030. This paper examines the main points of the Indonesian transformation of rice technology: improvement of rice varieties, integrated crop management, innovations in agricultural machinery, and the Integrated Cropping Calendar Information System (ICCIS). We found that transformation has helped Indonesia increased its rice yields from 3 t ha−1 prior to 1961 to 4.6 t ha−1 in 1985, stagnated in 1990, and increased again in 2017 to 5,46 t ha−1. The increase in yield was sustained by an increase in the harvested area owing to cropping index (CI) innovation. Food security and sustainable development remain the primary goals of Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The application of appropriate technologies and institutional innovations can assist Indonesia in achieving its food security. Therefore, the transformation of technological innovations will continue to be an essential driver of future agricultural growth, including greater use of crop varieties, machinery, and land/institutional reforms.

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Cuttings may generate plants with the same characteristics as the parent. However, there are issues with root formation and shoot development. Coconut water may function as a natural growth regulator due to auxin, which stimulates root and shoot development. The condition of the growing media, in addition to growth regulators, influences the development of plant cuttings. This study aims to determine the immersion time of tea stem cuttings into coconut water and the composition of the growing media for the growth of tea stem cuttings. This research was conducted from February to June 2019 at Sarana Mandiri Mukti, Tangsi Baru Village, Kabawetan District, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia, at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the immersion time of coconut water, namely 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 hours. The second factor was the growing media, which consisted of 1000 g soil (Control), 750 g soil + 250 g cow dung, 750 g soil + 250 g chicken manure, and 750 g soil + 250 g goat manure. The findings revealed that 5 hours 53 minutes of immersion in coconut water on a mixed medium of 750 g soil + 250 g cow dung resulted in the longest root being 13.73 cm. The duration of immersion in coconut water influenced the shoot and root length of tea stem cuttings, whereas the growing medium influenced the dry weight of the roots.

Vermicompost is an organic fertilizer containing essential macro and micronutrients for plant growth. This study aimed to determine the dose and time of vermicompost application to the shallot. The study was carried out at an altitude of 1054 meters above sea level in Air Duku Village, Selupu Rejang District, Rejang Lebong Regency, Bengkulu Province. A Split Plot Design with three replications was used in the study. The main plot was the time of vermicompost application, which was ten days before and during planting. Sub-plots were vermicompost doses of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 tons/ha. Vermicompost applied ten days before planting at a 40 ton/ha resulted in the tallest shallot shoot (36.60 cm) and the highest number of leaves (28.20). Vermicompost applied ten days before planting produced more shallot bulbs (4.46 bulbs), larger bulb diameter (19.18 mm), heavier bulb weight per clump (4.75 g), and heavier bulb weight per m2 (837.73 g) than vermicompost applied at planting. Vermicompost at a dose of 40 tons/ha resulted in 5.80 bulbs per plant, 18.96 mm bulb diameter, 4.63 g bulb weight per clump, and 1022.25 g bulb weight per m2, higher than the lower dose. Therefore, vermicompost could benefit as a source of plant nutrients, comparable to synthetic fertilizers in shallot production.

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