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The catalytic N-alkylation and N-heterocyclization of nitroarenes occur at 180 °C under a carbon monoxide pressure of 70 atm and in the presence of aldehyde and such transitionmetal complexes as rhodium and palladium complexes, thus giving 2,3-dialkyl-substituted quinolines and (dialkylamino)arenes in good yields. The product selectivity depends greatly on the catalysts: a binary catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3 and PdCl2, is effective for the N-heterocyclization, while [Rh2Cl2(cod)2] is effective for the N-alkylation.