High-surface-area N-decorated nanoporous carbons have been successfully synthesized using the N-rich metal-organic framework ZIF-8 as a template and precursor along with furfuryl alcohol and NH4OH as the secondary carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. These carbons exhibited remarkable CO2 adsorption capacities and CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivities. The N-decoration in these carbons resulted in excellent activity for the oxygen reduction reaction. Samples NC900 and NC1000 having moderate N contents, high surface areas, and large numbers of mesopores favored the four-electron reduction pathway, while sample NC800 having a high N content, a moderate surface area, and a large number of micropores favored the two-electron reduction process.

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Substoichiometric titanium oxide (normalTi4normalO7) -supported Pt catalysts were prepared and their electrochemical properties, particularly the effects of high-potential conditions on the activity and stability of Pt∕normalTi4normalO7 catalysts, were compared to those of Pt∕C catalyst. Polarization measurements using membrane electrode assemblies revealed that the Pt∕normalTi4normalO7 cathode shows a similar activity for the oxygen reduction reaction as Pt∕C catalyst at 80°C . A high-potential holding test ( 1h holding at 1.0–1.5V vs anode) demonstrated that the Pt∕normalTi4normalO7 catalyst is quite stable against high potential up to 1.5V . A single cell using a Pt∕normalTi4normalO7 cathode was operated at 80°C , and voltage stability for 350h with normalH2∕normalO2 was also demonstrated.