Coastal regions around the Pacific Ring of Fire share the risk of massive earthquakes and tsunamis. Along with their own political-economic, cultural and biophysical contexts, each region has their own history and experiences of tsunami disasters. Coastal areas of Washington State in the U.S. are currently at risk of experiencing a tsunami following a massive Magnitude 9 (M9) earthquake anticipated in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ). Looking ahead to consider adaptive planning in advance of a tsunami following this M9 event, this paper explores how lessons from recent megaquake- and tsunami-related experiences of risk-based planning and relocation in coastal areas of Japan and Chile could inform anticipatory action in coastal Washington State. Based on a comparison of earthquake and tsunami hazards, social factors, and the roles of government, this paper outlines a framework to compare policy contexts of tsunami risk-based planning and relocation in three Ring of Fire countries, including factors shaping the possible transfer of approaches between them. Findings suggest some aspects of comparative significance and commonalities shared across coastal communities in the three countries and at the same time highlight numerous differences in governance and policies related to planning and relocation. Although there are limitations to the transferability of lessons in disaster adaptive planning and anticipatory action from one national/regional context to another, we believe there is much more that Washington and the Pacific Northwest can learn from Japanese and Chilean experiences. In any context, risk reduction policies and actions need to garner political support in order to be implemented. Additional case study research and detailed analysis is still needed to understand specific lessons that may be applied to detailed risk-based planning and relocation programs across these different national contexts.
Urban village is a geographical area whose characteristics, structure and function are between traditional cities and villages, and its main characteristics are transitional, hybrid and dynamic. This study focuses on the transformation and coexistence of basic structure of urban village by choosing Mayuan urban village located in Kunming city, China, as a case study, analyzing the situation of mixture and mixed settlement under the influence of top-down urban policy and bottom-up local spontaneity. It is found that overall land use characteristics are highly mixed, while the old residential area has its own versatility with the coexistence of residence and commerce.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify the community forming process in the joint housing projects relative to the district and to examine the change of their communities and activities. We researched the 4 cases of the joint housing projects after Hanshin-Awaji earthquake reconstruction in Kobe city both in the year 2002 and in the year 2008. The results are as follows: 1) The Community development association in the district played an important role in promotion and process of the joint housing project. 2) The correlation between the community in Joint housing and the community of the district formed from the organizational network or the individual network. 3) The common spaces such as meeting rooms and open spaces in the joint housing are useful for people lived in the district. 4) The correlation of that community changed by the individual reasons or the change of the organization.
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