When we assess anatomical problems and the safety and effectiveness for performing a difficult surgical procedure or planning novel surgical approaches, preoperative human dissections are very helpful. However, embalming with the conventional formaldehyde method makes the soft tissue of the cadaver harder than that of a living body. Therefore, the cadaver embalmed with conventional formaldehyde is not appropriate for dissections when assess surgical approaches. Thiel's method is a novel embalming technique, first reported by W. Theil in 1992. This method can preserve color and softness of the cadaver without risk of infections. We have used cadavers embalmed with Thiel's method for preoperative assessments and have confirmed the usefulness of this method especially for the prevention of complications or in assessing surgical approaches. The cadaver embalmed with this method has several advantages over other embalming methods and it might be also useful for the developments of new surgical devices or evaluation of a surgeon's skill.

Traumatic perforation of the tympanic membrane caused by hot water is a rare entity. We report herein on a 65-year-old male who accidentally poured hot water over his head, and suffered from a seconddegree burn on his left face, chest, and upper arm. He recognized left hearing loss and otorrhea, and was found in an ENT clinic to have severe stenosis of the external auditory canal (EAC). He was referred to our department three weeks after the injury. On examinations, swelling of the EAC, total perforations of the eardrum and mixed hearing loss were demonstrated in his left ear. Ear wicks were applied to prevent EAC re-stenosis. Antibiotic eardrops were also used, but his otorrhea persisted for 9 months after the injury. Fourteen months after the injury, when the middle ear infection disappeared, we performed tympanoplasty. The post-operative course was uneventful. The perforation had closed and his hearing had improved 17 months after the surgery. A burn of the tympanic membrane is often accompanied by repeated bacterial infections and an extensive burn of EAC, and therefore the prognosis of a tympanoplasty is not necessarily good. Although otorrhea repeats or persists for a long period, it is recommended that we consider surgical treatment only after confirmation of the resolution of the EAC and middle ear infections.