No abstract

A high concentration of brassinolide (BL) induced abnormal shoot shape in rice seedlings, that is, the newly developed leaf sheath was shorter than the old sheath, and increased the number of leaves. The involvement of ethylene and cyanide, co-metabolites during ethylene biosynthesis, in abnormal shoot growth was analyzed by comparing the action mechanism of BL with that of quinclorac in barnyard grass seedlings. BL strongly stimulated ethylene production, and the amount of ethylene and the third leaf sheath length in rice seedlings were negatively correlated. Exogenously applied ethephon also induced abnormal growth of rice seedlings. L-a -aminoethoxyvinyl-glycine (AVG), an ethylene biosynthetic inhibitor, partially reversed abnormal shoot growth. The level of endogenous cyanide was low in rice seedlings, because of the high level of b-cyanoalanine synthase (CAS) activity, and exogenously applied KCN did not induce abnormal shoot growth. The results indicate that BL-induced abnormal shoot growth of rice seedlings was probably mediated by ethylene production.

Brassinosteroids are a sixth natural plant hormone that plays an essential regulatory role in plant growth and development. As of the year 2000, over 40 different structures of brassinosteroids had been discovered. Recent advances in research on brassinosteroid‐deficient and ‐insensitive mutants from Arabidopsis, pea, and tomato, and their molecular genetic analysis, are opening new insights into the physiology. The research on biosynthesis and metabolism is also growing rapidly. Brassinosteroids are expected to be used in the future for crop production and plant protection as a new type of plant growth regulator.