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Women with family responsibilities such as child‐rearing generally prefer jobs with flexible working conditions. According to the theory of compensating wage differentials, women working in such family‐friendly jobs are paid less than those working in family‐unfriendly jobs. The present paper investigates whose wages are more greatly affected by the family‐(un)friendly aspects of their jobs. Based on a longitudinal survey of Japanese women, we found that among several family‐(un)friendly attributes of a job, only commuting time requires a wage premium, and most of the premium is associated with job changes made by part‐time‐working married women.

Advances in Japanese Business and Economics (AJBE) showcases the work of Japanese and non-Japanese scholars researching the Japanese economy and Japanese businesses. Published in English, the series highlights for a global readership the unique perspectives of Japan's most distinguished and emerging scholars of business and economics. It covers research of either theoretical or empirical nature, in both authored and edited volumes, regardless of the sub-discipline or geographical coverage, including, but not limited to, such topics as macroeconomics, microeconomics, industrial relations, innovation, regional development, entrepreneurship, international trade, globalization, financial markets, technology management, and business strategy. At the same time, as a series of volumes written by Japanese and non-Japanese scholars studying Japan, it includes research on the issues of the Japanese economy, industry, management practice, and policy, such as the economic policies and business innovations before and after the Japanese "bubble" burst in the 1990s.AJBE endeavors to overcome a historical deficit in the dissemination of Japanese economic theory, research methodology, and analysis. The volumes in the series contribute not only to a deeper understanding of Japanese business and economics but to revealing underlying universal principles.