10 William C. Braithwaite was able to uncover one dubious reference to 'Society of Friends', dating from 1665, but he argues that this was used in a 'descriptive' rather than a 'customary' sense. William C. Braithwaite, The Beginnings of Quakerism (2nd edn, rev. H. J. Cadbury, Cambridge, 1961), pp. 307-308.The Temporary Subject Catalogue at the LRSF notes that the fi rst offi cial use of the term 'Religious Society of Friends' is thought to be in the 1793 address to George III. It was in common usage by 1800 when Joseph Bevan Gurney published A Refutation of Some of the More Modern Misrepresentations of the Society of Friends, Commonly Called Quakers .

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Women occupied a central place in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century transatlantic Quakerism. They acted as prophets, missionaries, authors and spiritual leaders of their communities. Recent scholarship has offered important insights into the unparalleled public roles available to women within the early Quaker community. But little is known about the networks of hospitality that developed across the British Atlantic that made itinerant missionary service possible. The generosity of countless female Quakers to unknown “Friends” remains an underexplored aspect of early Quaker history. Using printed spiritual testimonies and correspondence exchanged between Quaker missionaries and their female hosts, this article shows how ministers were “sustained” during their travels. Active religious service did not have to equate to ministerial work, and networks of female hospitality provided an important accompaniment to the national and transatlantic Quaker mission.

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