Objective: We investigated the relationship between the pattern of hypertension and nocturia. Methods: Seventy-seven patients who were being treated for hypertension completed a questionnaire regarding the number of times they urinated during the day and at night, and measured their blood pressure at home immediately after rising in the morning and just before going to sleep at night. The patients' blood pressure was also measured at the clinic. The patients were divided into groups according to their blood pressure patterns. The relationship between blood pressure pattern and number of urinations during the day and at night was investigated. Results: When the patients were divided into white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, sustained hypertension, and normotension groups, the number of daytime urinations was significantly lower in the sustained hypertension group compared with the normotension and white coat hypertension groups. When the subjects were divided into morning blood pressure surge and non-morning surge groups or into morning hypertension and non-morning hypertension groups, the numbers of nighttime urinations was significantly higher in the morning surge group or the morning hypertension group compared with the non-morning surge group or non-morning hypertension group, respectively. Conclusion: Sustained hypertension and elevation of blood pressure in the early morning influence the frequency of daytime and nighttime urination, respectively. It is important to control both the blood pressure and nocturia of hypertensive patients to improve their prognosis.

Background: The association of glycated albumin (GA) with mortality is unclear in chronic hemodialysis patients with diabetes. We investigated the usefulness of GA by comparing it with hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in this patient population. Research design and methods: This was a multi-center, prospective cohort study of 841 Japanese chronic hemodialysis patients with diabetes. There were 235 women and 606 men included, with a mean age of 64 years. The primary and secondary endpoints were the incidence of all-cause and cause-specific mortality, respectively. The hazard ratios of GA and HbA1c for the endpoints were estimated using the values at baseline and during the study period. Results: During the mean follow-up period of 3.1 years, there were 184 deceased cases, in which 30 and 154 resulted from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and non-ASCVD, respectively. The hazard ratio for a 1% increase in GA was 1.033 (95% confidence interval 1.006-1.060, p = 0.017) for all-cause mortality with a statistical significance when GA was treated as a time dependent variable, but not when the baseline levels or the mean levels during the followup period were used in the analysis (p = 0.815 and 0.517, respectively). GA was a significant predictor for ASCVD-related mortality in the above 3 models, but was not for non-ASCVD mortality. Higher levels of HbA1c were only associated with ASCVD-related mortality when HbA1c was treated as a time-dependent variable.

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