Sol-gel coatings with different roughness and surface energy were prepared on glass substrates. Methyl triethoxysilane (MTEOS), 3-Glycidyloxypropyl trimethoxysilane (GLYMO) and fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) were used to obtain a mechanically robust icephobic coating. Different amount of hydrophobic silica nano particles was added as fillers to introduce different roughness and surface energy to the coatings. The microstructure, roughness, and surface energy, together with elemental information and surface chemical state, were investigated at room temperature. The contact angle and sliding angle were measured at different temperatures to correlate the wetting behavior at low temperature with the anti-icing performance. The ice adhesion shear strength was measured inside an ice chamber using a self-designed tester. The factors influencing the ice adhesion were discussed, and the optimum anti-icing performance found in the series of coatings. It was found that lower surface energy leads to lower ice adhesion regardless of the roughness, while the roughness plays a more complicated role. The wetting behavior of the droplet on surface changes as temperature decreases. The anti-icing performance is closely related to the antiwetting property of the surfaces at subzero temperatures.

Objective: To study the effects of Pranic Healing (PH) on surface tension of water. Methods: This study involved the application of the PH on water and observing the changes in the surface tension (ST) values. ST was measured in the Pranic and Control using the Capillary rise method and the data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Findings: The results showed that the ST of water reduced significantly, after 20 minutes in the PH-treated samples, when compared to control. Additionally, contact angle also reduced due to PH, showing an increase in wettability. It has given indications that the Pranic healing could be used in modulating the physical property of water. Novelty: Pranic Healing, reduces the ST of water, which would be beneficial since it directly affects the absorption of nutrients by living beings from the fluid medium.

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