ABSTRACT. A growing literature documents the positive impact of community management on non-timber forest conservation, but not on the management of timber forests which require higher management intensity than do non-timber forests. We find in Nepal that better market access encourages felling of mature timber trees before but not after the community management began and that population pressure leads to deforestation, which would have taken place under government management, but encourages forest management in recent years under community management. Longer period of community management is found to be associated with the higher density of larger trees, indicating that the community management facilitates rehabilitation of timber forests.3

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