No abstract

Aim:The objective of this study was to analyze the application of PA agent that improves the bond strength of root dentin treated with NaOCl.Materials and Methods:Group 1: root canals were irrigated using 0.9% isotonic saline as an irrigant (negative control); Group 2: root canals were irrigated using 5.25% NaOCl (positive control); Group 3: root canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by 10% sodium ascorbate for 10 minutes; Group 4: root canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl followed by 5% PA for 10 minutes. All the canals were then coated with self-etch dentin bonding agent, filled with resin cement, stored for one day in water, and then cross sectioned into three slabs of 2-mm thickness that were prepared and tested for microtensile bond strength.Results:The results demonstrated that 5.25% NaOCl caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the bond strength, but this can be reversed by 5% PA significantly more than the 10% sodium ascorbate.

Roll forming is a rapid operation that employs consecutive roll stations to progressively deform a strip into a desired profile. The continuous nature of the process coupled with its versatility and speed makes it extremely attractive for producing lightweight, structurally efficient components from sheet materials. This paper describes the roll forming of plywood by heated rolls, which is an innovative concept that can increase the range of usage and add value to the end products. Deformation length measurements from static roll bend tests were carried out to determine the roll spacing and the results agree well with the values predicted by a modified theory based on the minimisation of the total deformation energy for a rigid-plastic material. The deformation lengths, such as in metals and composite sheets, depend essentially on the geometric parameters of the profiles produced and are practically independent of the mechanical properties of the work material. Further, the real-time strain measurements by strain gauges bonded on the roll formed specimens show that the strain profiles compare reasonably well with those obtained for metallic and continuous fibre-reinforced thermoplastic sheets. Finally, the macroscopic deformation of veneer sheets due to roll forming has been analysed kinematically by means of grid strain analysis and the geometric conformance of the product has been determined.

Thermoforming of wood veneers into profiles is a novel idea and the focus of this paper is to study the formability characteristics of thin radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) veneers, which are generally used as surface coverings. Radiata pine is well suited as a raw material for furniture, joinery, and interior architectural products. This is because it has excellent turning, shaping, and laminating properties and readily achieves brilliant stain and paint finishes. In this study, radiata pine veneers were softened by immersion in a hot water bath and then thermoformed by means of heated dies/moulds. The formability characteristics were investigated by conducting singlecurvature V-bending tests. The influence of the forming method on the shape conformance of softened veneers under single-and multiple-bend conditions was examined. The paper also discusses the influences of manufacturing parameters that include the softening method, the die temperature, the duration of forming, the ratio of bend radius to veneer thickness, and the veneer architecture. The study clearly establishes the feasibility of forming veneers into multi-bend products in a semicontinuous manner using matched dies.

This paper proposes a novel power supply transient current sensing based completion detector for single rail asynchronous systems to achieve high throughput compared to systems using speculative delay. This paper also proposes a new event separator logic for separating data tokens, in situations where the current sensor is idle due to consecutively same inputs. This type of logic is indispensable for asynchronous systems that use current sensing for completion detection. In order to prove the efficacy of the proposed CSCD, an asynchronous 8-bit AddCompare-Select unit (ACSU) is simulated through HSPICE in 0.18µm CMOS process operating at 1V with the proposed CSCD with event separator over MOUSETRAP and also with matched delay over MOUSETRAP. The throughput of the proposed CSCD is 2.2Gsps which is 37.5% higher than that of the matched delay whose throughput is 1.6Gsps.