Sugar cane molasses has proved cohesive and excellent performance on soil aggregates (fine particles). However, the microstructure of consolidated soil by the molasses is not yet subjected to research. The analysis results of sample without molasses (0%) and consolidated samples at 8%, 12%, and 16% show that the molasses acts on the structure of clayey fine soil developing its microstructure of airy matrix type (sample without molasses (0%) to a microstructure of a qualified type, more solid. Consolidated samples to 8%, 12%, 16% of molasses). We also observe the presence of inter-aggregate pores (mesopores) of similar size in all samples. The results of porosimetrical analyses (BJH) of the sample without molasses and consolidated samples to 8%, 12%, and 16% show that simultaneous porous volumes of samples are reduced with the increasing of molasses quantity. This latter, therefore, acts on the porous volume (micropore < 2 nm and mesopore < 9 nm) by reducing them which really means, molasses occupies the porous volume of the sample. However, this sample seems not to have any effect on the size of mesopores 9 nm. Thus, this product induces the evolution of the soil structure towards the highly dense and condensed structure. Consequently, materials in consolidated soil by molasses will have mechanical properties far superior to those of materials consolidated soil without molasses.
The main objective of this study is to contribute to the optimization of the formulation of sand concretes and its valorisation according to natural sands from different quarries or extraction sites. Physical characteristics of natural sands have been determined and improved by the addition of crushing sand, taking into account the too fine elements of the sand. Four types of sand were used (Congo River, Djiri, Mfilou, crushed sand). The concrete formulations proposed from improved sands (30% crushed sand and 70% natural sand) reveal an increase in mechanical strength. Thus, it appeared that this improvement of the natural fine sands by the crushing sand has brought a clear increase in the maneuverability of the concretes and the physico-mechanical characteristics of nearly 50%, although this crushing sand has a sand equivalent value of less than 70%. These results augur well for the durability of structures in the construction industry in Congo.
This work presents a theoretical study based on the instability of fine soils stabilized with sugar cane molasses. Indeed, this stabilization is only effective during the dry season in the town of Nkayi due to the scarcity or non-existence of rainfall. This being the case, let us suppose that humidification influences the intrinsic parameters of the earth materials (suction, porosity) and even the stabilization capacity of the molasses, we can try to understand the instability phenomenon that occurs within the structural matrix of the material when it is solicited during periods of heavy rainfall. The current models which study the deformation of the proposed fine soils, relate the interaggregate voids, the intra-aggregate voids, the stability index, the suction of the soil material and the relative humidity of the environment. Also, the theoretical study of these models shows that the inter-aggregate voids increase with relative humidity, the intra-aggregate voids decrease with increasing relative humidity and the stability index decreases with increasing relative humidity.Similarly, inter-aggregate voids decrease with increasing suction, intra-aggregate voids increase with suction and the stability index increases with suction.However, with the extension of Ferber's model, the breaking point of the earth material is obtained using these same models, i.e. this minimum point beyond which the adhesion forces in the aggregate and between the aggregates become low to ensure cohesion between the aggregates in the material for a long time. All in all, this point is significant for Pr ( r H =35.768%, iag e =0.5262, ag e =0.078, ag e S = 0.0005 262), and S=146 MPa (suction value) and is defined as the breaking point below which the cohesion of the aggregates is not evident. This proposed model mathematically translates both the effects of relative humidity and suction on voids in earth materials. It also explains the deformations that take place in earth materials at the microstructure level (intra-aggregate voids and inter-aggregate voids) under the effect of moisture or suction.
The current study deals Swith thermo-mechanical properties of stabilized soil small bricks with the help of organic binders of sugar cane molasses and cassava starch. Different formulations of soil concrete have been suggested after the geotechnical characterization of samples of soil was taken. From these, it arises that the studied soil is the most plastically clay (of type A 3 ) according to GTR classification. Samples made of small bricks and measured out at 4%, 6% and 8% of binders (molasses, starch or molasses + starch) have been warmed up to different temperatures (100˚C, 150˚C, 200˚C and 250˚C) for the rising of the thermic behavior under different conditions and submitted to crushing testings for the estimation of characteristic resistances to the compression. According to the mechanical behavior, we note an improvement of resistances for small bricks measured 4%, 6% and 8%, of molasses respectively of 32.44%, 32.06% and 23.43% against the value of reference for small bricks without molasses. In the same way, the binder (molasses + starch) also reveals an improvement of resistance to the compression of 13.27%, 26.17% and 26.17%. On the contrary, the stabilization with the starch binder did not bring a significative improvement. According to the thermic influence, the heating at 100˚C of stabilized small bricks at 4%, 6% and 8% of molasses, reveals a significative improvement of resistances. Moreover, the stabilization with the starch reveals on the contrary a good behavior for heatings at 150˚C and 250˚C. In short, for the binder (molasses + starch), it is the heating at 200˚C that shows some improvements of remarkable resistances. Different analyses of realized statistics also show the effectivity of obtained results.
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