The engorged Hyalomma anatolicum anatolicum females were collected from healthy cattle of college farm as well as nearby private dairy farms and villages of Mhow to evaluate the period of oviposition and hatching of eggs of H. a. anatolicum under laboratory conditions. The present study recorded the period of oviposition and hatching of eggs (Mean ± SE) as 9.4 ± 0.54 and 21.9 ± 0.69 days, respectively.

Spread spectrum linked to optimization techniques play a very important role in today's world. Optimization gives the best one among all the solutions and the spread spectrum is used to minimize distortion, hence optimized spreading code is very important in wireless communication. This study shows a comparison of two recent modified techniques of DE with the help of engineering design problems and application of that modified DE (considering the better one) in wireless communication to optimize logistic map based spreading code. A comparative study of properties of both optimized and non-optimized spreading code is also discussed in this paper. The performance of the optimized spreading code is also evaluated with the help of bit error rate (BER) by applying it in static and dynamic direct sequence spread spectrum system (DSSS). The performance of the proposed technique (optimized dynamic logistic map code based DSSS) displays better results than non-optimized spreading code and orthogonal spreading code considering BER. Therefore, the proposed method can be efficiently applied in the wireless communication system.

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Spread spectrum linked to optimization techniques play a very important role in today’s world. Optimization gives the best one among all the solutions and the spread spectrum is used to minimize distortion, hence optimized spreading code is very important in wireless communication. This study shows a comparison of two recent modified techniques of DE with the help of engineering design problems and application of that modified DE (considering the better one) in wireless communication to optimize logistic map based spreading code. A comparative study of properties of both optimized and non-optimized spreading code is also discussed in this paper. The performance of the optimized spreading code is also evaluated with the help of bit error rate (BER) by applying it in static and dynamic direct sequence spread spectrum system (DSSS). The performance of the proposed technique (optimized dynamic logistic map code based DSSS) displays better results than non-optimized spreading code and orthogonal spreading code considering BER. Therefore, the proposed method can be efficiently applied in the wireless communication system.

Soil microbes play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients and their availability to plants, which is important for sustaining soil health and agricultural sustainability. In light of this, vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM) plays an important function. Hyphae of VAM can reach far beyond the plant root zone, allowing it to obtain nutrients from a considerably larger region of soil. Mycorrhiza improves plant nutrition by facilitating the uptake of minerals such as phosphorus and immobile trace elements such as zinc, cobalt, magnesium, iron, copper, molybdenum, and others. Mycorrhiza improves plant growth, productivity and yield by increasing the rate of photosynthesis. In the present study Glomus fasciculatum was tested on Capsicum annum plant with different inoculum levels (100, 150, 200 and 400 chlamydospores/kg soil) and found that Plant height, Root length, Dry weight of root and shoot, NPK content, per cent mycorrhizal colonization and sporocarp number were maximum when 400 spores were used for inoculation and minimum were found in untreated plants. SPAD chlorophyll content was highest at 90 DAT among all the observation periods.