In this paper, an all-optical photonic crystal-based switch containing a graphene resonant ring has been presented. The structure has been composed of 15 × 15 silicon rods for a fundamental lattice. Then, a resonant ring including 9 thick silicon rods and 24 graphene-SiO2 rods was placed between two waveguides. The thick rods with a radius of 0.41a in the form of a 3 × 3 lattice were placed at the center of the ring. Graphene-SiO2 rods with a radius of 0.2a were assumed around the thick rods. These rods were made of the graphene monolayers which were separated by SiO2 disks. The size of the structure was about 70 µm2 that was more compact than other works. Furthermore, the rise and fall times were obtained by 0.3 ps and 0.4 ps, respectively, which were less than other reports. Besides, the amount of the contrast ratio (the difference between the margin values for logics 1 and 0) for the proposed structure was calculated by about 82%. The correct switching operation, compactness, and ultra-fast response, as well as the high contrast ratio, make the presented switch for optical integrated circuits.

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional artificial structures which have extraordinary electromagnetic properties. They have been used in myriad of devices such as nano-antennas, cloaking coatings, imaging devices, flat lenses, and polarization converters over a wide range of frequency. Due to high dependency of many devices on incident wave polarization, manipulating the polarization of electromagnetic waves would be useful, especially in the THz regime. In this study, we propose a linear to circular polarization converter (LTC-PC) based on a THz reflective metasurface. For a TE linear polarization incident wave, this structure has two distinct bands; the first one lays in a wideband frequency range of 0.5-1.41 THz, in which the reflected wave would be a left-handed circular polarization (LHCP) with minimum efficiency of 89% and maximum efficiency of more than 95% in 80% of the bandwidth. The second band lays in the narrowband frequency range of 1.45-1.55 THz, resulting a right-handed circular polarization (RHCP) wave with a minimum efficiency of 82%. The proposed polarization converter can be used in optical communication and electronic devices.