This paper presents the speed estimator for speed sensorless direct torque control of a three-phase induction motor based on constant voltage per frequency (V/F) control technique, using artificial neural network (ANN). The estimated stator current equation is derived and rearranged consistent with the control algorithm and ANN structure. For the speed estimation, a weight in ANN, which relates to the speed, is adjusted by using Widrow-Hoff learning rule to minimize the sum of squared errors between the measured stator current and the estimated stator current from ANN output. The consequence of using this method leads to the ability of online speed estimation and simple ANN structure. The simulation and experimental results in high-and low-speed regions have confirmed the validity of the proposed speed estimation method. switching table are replaced by the proportional-integral (PI) controllers and SVM technique when comparing with the traditional DTC. The coordinate transformation, which is used in DTC-SVM, is not required. As a result, the torque and flux ripples are reduced and the switching frequency is constant. However, the speed signal is required in this control algorithm. Speed signal is generally achieved in two ways: one is the direct measurement through speed sensors such as tachogenerators, optical rotary encoders and magnetic rotary encoders; the other is the software based state observers and estimators by other physical parameters known as speed sensorless.The speed sensorless control of IM drives has attracted attention due to its advantages of reduction of hardware complexity and cost, eliminating of sensor cables, higher mechanical robustness, increasing the system reliability, lower maintenance requirements and cost, and ability of working in hostile environments. Several speed estimation methods for the speed sensorless IM drives have been proposed and investigated. They can be classified into two categories: machine model-based schemes and signal injection-based schemes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14].Signal injection-based schemes use rotor slot harmonics, saturated, and leakage inductances for speed estimation by injecting high or low frequency signals. In [8][9][10], high frequency signal injection methods are introduced for speed estimation. A low frequency signal injection method for sensorless control of interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) drives is presented in [11]. These methods are insensitive to motor parameter variations and provide accurate speed estimation, especially at low speed [12]. However, they are very complicated to implement, strongly rely on motor designs and require special designs for specific motor drives [12][13][14]. Moreover, torque ripples and noises make them hard to be widely used in industry [14].Machine model-based schemes use the instantaneous values of machine stator voltages and currents to estimate the speed and flux linkage. These methods utilize the direct and quadrature (d-q) axis mathematical models to describe the machine behavior by ass...

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Shortage in water supply is one of the major issues that some major cities throughout the world are facing nowadays. Due to not having full day water supply, households will have to efficiently manage the problem of water shortage and overcome the crises. This paper presents a system that indicates and controls the level of water in overhead tanks. Ultra-sonic sensors are employed to detect the level of the water between predefined minimum and maximum levels. LabVIEW which is a graphical programming language that uses a dataflow model is used to program microcontroller board Arduino UNO that is an interface between the software and the rest of the circuit components. From measured results good performance and accurate results are achieved.

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