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This research looked into the possibility of using residual calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) as a by-product of the cane sugar production process combined with polypropylene (PP) to replace commercial CaCO 3 . Using a co-rotating twinscrew extruder, the CaCO 3 /PP composites were made in the following ratios:

This research studied the influence of treated water hyacinth fibers with chemical substances and the orientation of water hyacinth (WH) fiber reinforced bio-based epoxy composite on mechanical properties. The specimens with direction at 90˚, 45˚ and 0˚ of WH fiber and different treatment substance were investigated. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and (3-Aminopropyl) triethoxysilane were used for the chemical treatment of fiber, which can improve the mechanical properties of the composite. The result shows that the tensile modulus of 1% silane treated WH fiber is higher than neat epoxy around 15%. The orientation of the fiber affects directly on the tensile strength. The addition of the WH fibers improves impact properties in all conditions compared to original epoxy.