Numerous publications of Russian and Mongolian researchers report the only species Fragaria orientalis Losinsk to be typical for Mongolia. However, by generally accepted taxonomy of Fragaria genus, the species F. orientalis is a tetraploid (2n=4x=28) which occupies a small area within Eastern regions of Russia and North-Western China. To clarify the specific belonging of strawberry, 11 Fragaria samples were collected in Central, Northern and Eastern parts of Mongolia. Species were identified by morphological characters and molecular marker of alcohol dehydrogenase adh1 gene. The results of the specific belonging study in Fragaria samples reveal two diploid species F. viridis and F. mandshrica growing in Mongolia.