KMC with additional opportunities to breastfeed was found to be an effective intervention for LBWs with delayed weight gain and should be considered to be an effective strategy.

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Aini hospital (Cairo Governorate) over a period of 6 months starting from June 2012 to November 2012. Approval of Research Committee of Pediatric Units was obtained. Data confidentiality was preserved according to the Revised Helsinki Declaration of Bioethics [10]. Our inclusion criteria were preterm and term neonates of both gender with clinical and/or laboratory signs consistent with neonatal sepsis. Gestational age was confirmed by new Ballard score [11]. Neonates with major congenital anomalies, those with genetic disorders and neonates with surgical conditions were excluded from the study. Babies were observed till day 14 of admission. We termed sepsis as a suspected or confirmed infection in the presence of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS). This meant a newborn must have a positive blood culture and fulfill at least 2 of the 4 SIRS criteria (in reference to the study Sundaram et al. [9]). • Core temperature >38.5 or <36.0°C.

Background: Epilepsy is strongly associated with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). This high rate of epilepsy suggests that ASD and epilepsy might share a common pathophysiological basis. Objective: To study the characteristics of EEG findings and epilepsy in autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) and the associated neuropsychological symptoms. Methods: Sixty children with ASD, aged from 3 to 11 years old, were included in the study. EEG recordings were obtained for each child. All patients were evaluated with respect to clinical and familial characteristics and with the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Results: The frequency of epileptiform EEG abnormalities in children with ASD was 40%, and the frequency of epilepsy was 30%. EEG abnormalities were associated with a diagnosis of epilepsy in 13.3%. Seizures and EEG changes were frequent among children with severe autism. Aggressive behaviours, hyperactivity and delayed developmental history were more frequent among patients with seizures. Sleep disturbance and hyperactivity were more common among participants with sever autism. On the other hand, aggressive behaviour and developmental delay were more common among patients with mild to moderate autism. Conclusion: Autism is one of the risk factors for epilepsy. Epilepsy occurs in one-third of patients with ASD. EEG abnormalities occur in 40% of patients with ASD. Epilepsy may be considered as one of the aggravating factors for behavioural/emotional outcomes for individuals with autism. Treatment of EEG changes might have a positive effect on the symptomatic improvement of children with ASD and EEGs changes.

KMC may be an effective intervention to reduce the duration of phototherapy needed when jaundiced babies are hospitalized.