Background and Objective: Considering the most important factor in the control of diabetes is self-care behaviors and since improving self-care behaviors is the first step to help patients for better control and management of their disease. Therefore this research was conducted with the title of "determination of effective factors on self-care behaviors in diabetic women referring to Mashhad health centers".

BackgroundTheory of planned behavior (TPB) is one of the most widely used theoretical frameworks to explain addictive behaviors, such as tobacco smoking. The aim of this study is to develop and validate an instrument based on TPB variables to measure factors influencing Iranian rural adults’ intention to quit waterpipe tobacco smoking.MethodsThis study was performed on a sample of rural adult waterpipe consumers living in two villages in Shiraz, Southern Iran. In the beginning, the initial items of instrument were extracted from the literature review and interviews with 20 waterpipe consumers. After that, face validity and qualitative content validity of the items were appraised. To measure quantitative content validity index (CVI) and the content validity ratio (CVR), a panel of experts reviewed the items. In addition, the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to characterize the construct validity of the instrument. Finally, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed.ResultsCVI and CVR of items were within the ranges of 0.89–0.95 and 0.85–0.96, respectively. EFA indicated the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (=0.71) and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant (=912.36, df=105, p<0.0001). Principal component analysis revealed that 15 items could be grouped into four subscales that accounted for 64.97% of the variance. Based on CFA, two items were deleted. CFA results showed that the remained data were fit to the model. The Cronbach’s alpha and ICC of subscales were, respectively, in the ranges of 0.72–0.87 and 0.64–0.82. Finally, a 13-item instrument with four subscales was confirmed.ConclusionsThe findings reveal that the developed TPB instrument is a reliable and valid scale to identify the determinants of the intention to quit waterpipe smoking among Iranian rural adults.

Context: The purpose of this study is to review the studies that have used educational intervention in the field of emerging infectious diseases, based on methods, application of models, and theories of health education and health promotion and the effect of interventions on prevention and reducing the incidence of these diseases.Evidence acquisition: Electronic search of databases was performed using the key words in English and Persian. Databases reviewed were, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, PubMed, Ebsco, Scopus, Index Copernicus and Cochrane. The databases search was conducted from October 2016 to July 2017. Results:Interventions to Emerging diseases were divided into two types based on use of models and theories of health education and without use of models and theories of health education. In the 16 articles reviewed, 7 studies were conducted based on theories and models of health education, and 9 studies did not use theories and models of health education. Conclusion:Training in the community setting to the analogous groups, time, place, length of intervention and use of modern methods of training, are effective in order to decrease morbidity. Overall, health education, combined with health improvement approaches have a greater impact, in prevention and reducing the incidence of emerging diseases.

Background and objective: The successful management of diabetes relies on performing individual designed self-care activities to control symptoms and avoid complications; but one of the causes of diabetes complications is lack of self-care by diabetic patients. Therefore this study was conducted to predict self-care behavior using extended theory of reasoned action (ETRA) among women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study, 300 women with type 2 diabetes referred to government health centers in the city of Mashhad were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. Data gathering tools were ETRA questionnaire and Toobert and colleagues' brief scale of self-care behaviors'. For data analysis was used by descriptive and inferential statistics through SPSS 21. For prediction self-care behavior, as dependent variables, was used from multiple linear regression (using the Enter and backward models). Results: The self-efficacy was the most important structure for predicting of self-care intention. Results of regression showed that 55% the variance of behavioral intention and 24% the variance in self-care behavior can be predicted by the model. Conclusion: The theory of reasoned action along with self-efficacy is suitable for predicting the self-care behaviors in diabetic women and self-efficacy is considered an important structure in determining self-care behaviors. Paper Type: Research Article.

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