Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) represents the largest component of total energy
expenditure and is a major contributor to energy balance. Therefore, accurately estimating
BMR is critical for developing rigorous obesity prevention and control strategies. Over
the past several decades, numerous BMR formulas have been developed targeted to different
population groups. A comprehensive literature search revealed 248 BMR estimation equations
developed using diverse ranges of age, gender, race, fat free mass, fat mass, height,
waist-to-hip ratio, body mass index, and weight. A subset of 47 studies included enough
detail to allow for development of meta-regression equations. Utilizing these studies,
meta-equations were developed targeted to twenty specific population groups. This review
provides a comprehensive summary of available BMR equations and an estimate of their
accuracy. An accompanying online BMR prediction tool (available at http://www.sdl.ise.vt.edu/tutorials.html) was developed to automatically
estimate BMR based on the most appropriate equation after user-entry of individual age,
race, gender, and weight.
The application of systems thinking tools combined with group model-building techniques creates opportunities to define and characterize complex systems in a manner that draws on the authentic voice of residents and community partners.
Highlights
HEALing Communities Study is a parallel-group cluster randomized controlled trial.
Communities That HEAL intervention’s goal is to reduce opioid overdose deaths.
Structured consensus decision-making strategy guided study measure development.
More than 80 study measure specifications and a common data model were developed.
The study will provide methodology and longitudinal community data for research.
Level of brain maturation and age-related changes in brain morphology and functions may necessitate dietary adjustments for improving mental well-being.
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