Background: Many women are affected by anxiety and depression after armed conflict in low and middle income countries, yet there are few scalable options for their mental health care. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a brief group psychological intervention for women in a conflict-affected setting in rural Swat, Pakistan.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of kinesio taping (KT) with oromotor exercises (OME) in improving drooling in children with cerebral palsy. Material and Methods: A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted at National Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine (NIRM). Forty eight CP children, age ranged 4-8 years, having good head control and fair comprehension for verbal commands with drooling severity ≥ 3 rated on Thomas Stonells drooling scale were included in the study. The n=48 CP children were equally divided into two groups. Group A (n=24) participants were given an hour time which included taping of orbicularis oris muscle followed by oral motor exercises. Group B (n=24) participants were given the same treatment except there was only application of Kinesio taping of orbicularis oris muscle without oral motor exercises. The participants were assessed 5 times; at week 0 (Baseline) and then during intervention at week 4, week 8, week 12 and finally at week 16 after completion of intervention. Data was collected through Thomas Stonells drooling scale and drooling impact scale. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. For presentation of categorical and demographic variables, mean and standard deviation were used. RM-ANOVA was used to analyze changes within the groups and independent samples t-test was used for differences between the groups. Results: The mean age in group A is 3.93±1.7 years and the mean age in group B is 3.66±1.26 years. The result showed significant improvement within both groups (p≤0.05). Between groups comparison revealed more significant decrease in drooling severity and its impact in group A (KT+OME) as compared to group B (KT) at p≤0.05. in case drooling frequency no significant difference was observed. Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that kinesio tapping along with oro-motor exercises were more effective management option for drooling severity and impact on CP children life. Keywords: Cerebral palsy, drooling, kinesio tapping, oro-motor exercises, Thomas Stonells drooling scale, drooling impact scale.

body to change the body, overcome the ego to change the ego. We must become pure awareness and going beyond time, forget the known reality and go into the unknown and observe the infinite possibilities and tune into the possible realities, because if we think about them, in the quantum universe they already exist

Objective: To compare the efficacy of Gabapentin with carbamazepine in Trigeminal Neuralgia. Material/Method: The study was conducted in Agha Khan University Hospital and Abbasi Shaheed Hospital for four months. 19 patients of TN were collected through purposive convenience sampling. DN4 questionnaire was used to differentiate between Somatic and Neuropathic pain. Numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to assess the severity of pain. Results: Nine patients of Trigeminal Neuralgia refractory to carbamazepine were put on Gabapentin with male to female ratio of 4:5. All showed favorable response on 800-1600 mg Gabapentin on Numeric Pain Rating Scale. All patients were pain free in three weeks with no side effects. There was significant difference between pain response to carbamazepine and Gabapentin at P< .05. Four patients (44%) had pain relief on 900 mg Gabapentin, three (33%) on 1200 mg, one responded on 800 mg and one on 1600 mg. Conclusion: Gabapentin is effective as first line treatment in Trigeminal Neuralgia

Background: Hearing impairment is considered as one of the major contributor of drop in low self-esteem of adolescents. Children and adolescents with significant hearing loss have difficulties like communication and social skills in different aspects of their quality of life which later on lead to anxiety, depression and social isolation. Objective: To find out the impact of gender and degree of hearing loss in children and adolescents not using hearing aid. Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total participants were 551 selected between 9-15 years age , with mild and moderate degree of hearing loss with no history of using hearing aid. The Rosenberg self-esteem scale was used to measure the self-esteem level. The data was analysed through multiple linear regression testing SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 12.38±1.773 year. The degree of hearing loss and the gender were statistically significant predictor {F (df) =157.636(2,548), p<0.001, r2 = .365} of the self-esteem in hearing impaired children. Hence, the age was not significant predictor on the self-esteem (β=.367, p=.228) Conclusion: The self-esteem in the children and adolescents with hearing impairment was affected by gender and degree of hearing loss. Whereas age have no impact on the self-esteem. Keywords: Adolescent, children, Hearing impairment, hearing loss, self-esteem.