The results of observation of plasmoids that were formed during periodic discharge in a flow of liquid, in particular, water, in its surrounding space during discharge and in post-discharge, have been presented. The presence of long-lived luminous formations not only in the air, but also on the surface and above the surface of nearby objects has been noted. The reasons for the appearance of such objects and their properties, which have features not only of macro-, but also micro-objects, such as Dirac’s monopole, have been analyzed.

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the validity and reliability of Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) which focusing on the resilience of adolescents with behavioural problems. CTI is developed based on Cognitive Theory and the Sidek Module Development Model. The CTI has eight interventions. The CTI manuscript was distributed to five content experts to determine intervention’s validity.  The finding shows that the validity index 0.87 was obtained.  Meanwhile, thirty two adolescents were selected to measure the reliability of each intervention by evaluating the objectives in each intervention session. As a result, the reliability index 0.85 was obtained.  From these two indexes, the Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) possesses high validity and good reliability, and is ready to use. The intervention implies the counselling intervention in working resilience of adolescents with behavioural behaviour. This CTI is recommended to be used by school counsellor to handle adolescents with behavioural problems. Keywords: Cognitive Therapy Intervention, Validity, Reliability, Resilience, Adolescent  

Behavioral problems among adolescents are still widespread today, especially among the school students. Although the issue is widespread, an experimental study that focuses on the intensity of the problematic adolescents is still lacking in this country. To address these symptoms, the purpose of this experimental study is to look at the effects of the Cognitive Therapy Intervention (CTI) Module on resilience of adolescents' with problematic behaviour. This study was conducted on 60 form four students. Students were divided into two groups which are treatment group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). The treatment group was given intervention using the CTI module while the control group did not receive any intervention throughout the period of the experimental study. To control the differences of dependent variables, pre-test was given before treatment started. After eight weeks of treatment, the two groups were given a post-test followed by retention tests a month later. The questionnaire used to obtain the study data was based on Resilience Scale. Data analysis was created using the SPSS-Windows version 25.0 program. The data was analyzed using Analysis of Split Anova (SPANOVA). The results of the study found that CTI interventions succeeded in enhancing the survival of adolescent with problematic behaviors. It is proposed that CTI can be carried out as an alternative method of treating non-behavioural adolescents. Implication to the body of knowledge is expected to help the counsellors, educators and schools to improve students' resilience and thereby reducing the behavioural problems among school students.