High-resolution aeromagnetic data of parts of Middle Benue Trough, Nigeria (sheets 212, 213, 233 and 234) was interpreted by applying source Parameter Imaging (SPI) and Spectral Depth analysis with the aim of mapping out the magnetic lineaments and analysing magnetic signals coming from different sources. The results from the derivatives maps show major and minor lineaments trends in the NE-SW and NW-SE directions respectively. Results from SPI show the maximum sedimentary thickness of about −4546.7 m (−4.5467 km) around the region of Awe, Aman, Langtang south, Gassol and the north-eastern part of Donga. Minimum depth of −167.9 m (−0.1679 km) around the region of north of Shendam, north of Wase, north-eastern part of Aman, Bantaji, Donga, Ibi and Bali. The residual map was divided into twenty-five sections. Spectral Depth was run for each of these twenty-five sections, the result shows that the depth to the deep magnetic source ranges between −0.65 km and −3.35 km. The depth to the shallow magnetic sources ranges between −0.03 km and −0.44 km showing the presence of magnetic intrusive bodies within the sediments. Since the sedimentary thickness of 3.0 km and above is only sufficient for hydrocarbon maturation and accumulation, then the results from this present study show that the study area might be sufficient enough for hydrocarbon maturation and accumulation.