Background:A highly important factor in enhancing quality of patient care and job satisfaction of health care staff is inter-professional communication. Due to the critical nature of the work environment, the large number of staff and units, and complexity of professional tasks and interventions, inter-professional communication in an emergency department is particularly and exceptionally important. Despite its importance, inter-professional communication in emergency department seems unfavorable. Thus, this study was designed to explain barriers to inter-professional communication in an emergency department.Methodology & Methods:This was a qualitative study with content analysis approach, based on interviews conducted with 26 participants selected purposively, with diversity of occupation, position, age, gender, history, and place of work. Interviews were in-depth and semi-structured, and data were analyzed using the inductive content analysis approach.Results:In total, 251 initial codes were extracted from 30 interviews (some of the participants re-interviewed) and in the reducing trend of final results, 5 categories were extracted including overcrowded emergency, stressful emergency environment, not discerning emergency conditions, ineffective management, and inefficient communication channels. Tumultuous atmosphere (physical, mental) was the common theme between categories, and was decided to be the main barrier to effective inter-professional communication.Conclusion:Tumultuous atmosphere (physical-mental) was found to be the most important barrier to inter-professional communication. This study provided a better understanding of these barriers in emergency department, often neglected in most studies. It is held that by reducing environmental turmoil (physical-mental), inter-professional communication can be improved, thereby improving patient care outcomes and personnel job satisfaction.

Background: Nurses’ perceived organizational justice is one of the factors influencing their social responsibility and conscientiousness. Social responsibility and conscience are major requirements for providing high-quality and standardized care. Objective: The aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship of perceived organizational justice with work consciousness and the social responsibility of the nurses. Methods: The present cross-sectional study was performed on 380 nurses who had at least 1 year of job experience and willingness to participate in the study. The study was conducted in Zanjan province, Iran, in 2018. The study subjects were selected via stratified random sampling. The data were collected using an organizational justice scale, corporate social responsibility scale, and consciousness scale. Questionnaires were completed through self-reporting. The data were analyzed using partial correlation coefficient and linear regression analysis. Ethical considerations: Research ethics approval (with the code of IR.ZUMS.REC.1397.47) was obtained from Zanjan University of Medical Sciences. Results: The results indicated that nurses felt injustice in all dimensions of organizational justice (2.66 ± .753). They feel the most sense of injustice in distributive justice (2.19 ± .798). In three dimensions, except the ethic dimension, the social responsibility was in a desirable range (2.79 ± .703). In two dimensions, work consciousness was in a desirable range. The results showed a significant and positive relationship between all dimensions of social responsibility and all dimensions of organizational justice (r = .072). However, no statistically significant relationship was observed between the dimensions of organizational justice and conscience (r = –.002). Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, social responsibility and the work consciousness of the nurses are affected by organizational justice. Therefore, nursing managers are suggested to change their management styles to reduce the sense of organizational injustice in nurses and have long-term productivity.

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‫حىیفی‬ ‫وسریه‬ 2 ‫امیىی‬ ‫کًريش‬ 3 ‫*وسریه‬ ‫جعفری‬ ‫يرجًضبوی‬ 4 ‫چکیده‬ ‫َدف:‬ ‫ي‬ ‫زمیىٍ‬ ‫حمٛق‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ویفیت‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫ٔطالجت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ثطذٛضزاضی‬ ‫وٝ‬ ‫آ٘جب‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫است.‬ ‫ثیٕبضاٖ‬ ‫اِٚیٝ‬ ‫ٔی‬ ‫ثیٕبضاٖ‬ ٚ ‫پطستبضاٖ‬ ‫زیسٌبٜ‬ ‫ثطضسی‬ ‫جبٔغ‬ ‫اعالػبت‬ ‫تٛا٘س‬ ‫ترطی‬ ‫سبظز،‬ ‫فطاٞٓ‬ ‫ذسٔبت‬ ‫اضائٝ‬ ‫ٚضؼیت‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫ٞسف‬ ‫ثب‬ ‫ٔغبِؼٝ‬ ‫ایٗ‬ ‫ث‬ ٚ ‫پطستبضاٖ‬ ‫زیسٌبٜ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫پطستبضی‬ ‫ذسٔبت‬ ‫ویفیت‬ ‫اضظیبثی‬ ‫شس.‬ ‫ا٘جبْ‬ ‫یٕبضاٖ‬ ‫بررسی:‬ ‫ريش‬ ‫ٔغبِؼٝ‬ ‫ایٗ‬ ‫٘ٛع‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫وبضثطزی‬ ‫تٛصیفی‬ -‫سبَ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫تحّیّی‬ 1395 ‫شس.‬ ‫ا٘جبْ‬ ‫ظ٘جبٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٔغ‬ ‫ایٗ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫تؼرساز‬ ‫بِؼٝ‬ 150 ٚ ‫ثیٕربضاٖ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫٘فرط‬ 16 ‫اظ‬ ‫٘فرط‬ ‫زض‬ ‫شبغُ‬ ‫پطستبضاٖ‬ ‫تٟٙب‬ ‫ٔطوع‬ ‫زیبِیع‬ ‫ِٚیؼصط‬ ‫ثیٕبضستبٖ‬ ‫زض‬ ‫ٚالغ‬ ‫ظ٘جبٖ‬ ‫زازٜ‬ ‫شس٘س.‬ ‫ٔغبِؼٝ‬ ‫ٚاضز‬ ‫سطشٕبضی‬ ‫ضٚش‬ ‫ثٝ‬ ‫ٞب‬ ‫سرطٚوٛاَ‬ ‫پطسنرٙبٔٝ‬ ‫اظ‬ ‫اسرتفبزٜ‬ ‫ثب‬ 1 ‫يیژٌ،‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫ارضذ‬ ‫کبرضىبس‬ ‫داوطجًی‬ . ‫مبمبیی،‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫داوطکذٌ‬ ‫يیژٌ،‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫گريٌ‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫پسضکی‬ ‫علًم‬ ‫داوطگبٌ‬ ‫ایران.‬ 2 ‫مبمبیی،‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫داوطکذٌ‬ ‫يیژٌ،‬ ‫مراقبت‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫گريٌ‬ ‫استبدیبر،‬ . ‫ایران.‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫پسضکی‬ ‫علًم‬ ‫داوطگبٌ‬ 3 ‫اس‬ . ‫مبمبیی،‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫داوطکذٌ‬ ‫رياوپرستبری،‬ ‫گريٌ‬ ‫تبدیبر،‬ ‫ایران.‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫پسضکی‬ ‫علًم‬ ‫داوطگبٌ‬ 4 ‫پرستبری‬ ‫گريٌ‬ ‫استبدیبر،‬ . ‫سالمت‬ ‫مبمبیی،‬ ‫پرستبری‬ ‫داوطکذٌ‬ ‫جبمعٍ،‬ ‫مسئًل)‬ ‫(*وًیسىذٌ‬ ‫ایران.‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫زوجبن،‬ ‫پسضکی‬ ‫علًم‬ ‫داوطگبٌ‬ ‫تمبس:‬ ‫ضمبرٌ‬ AbstractBackground & Aim: Quality of care is one of the basic rights of patients. Since the survey of nurses and patients' viewpoint can provide more comprehensive information about the status of provision of services, this study aimed to assess the quality of nursing care from nurses and patients viewpoints. Materials & Methods:This applied descriptive-analytic study was conducted in Zanjan in 2016. In this study, 150 patients and 16 nurses working in the only dialysis center in Zanjan located in Valiasr Hospital were enrolled by census method. Data were completed using the SERVQUAL questionnaire (Service Quality). Paired t-test, independent t-test and ANOVA and SPSS 16 software were used to analyze the data. Results: From the perspective of the patients participating in the study, the gap (i.e. the difference in what was expected of the patients and what they understood in practice) was in the quality of providing services in all aspects of perceptions and expectations, except for the guarantee of existence (P < 0.001). From the viewpoint of nurses, there was a gap in the quality of services in all aspects of perceptions and expectations (P < 0.001). There was a significant relationship between education (P = 0.027) and occupation (P = 0.002). Conclusion:The results of this study indicate that there is a gap in the quality of nursing care in the dimensions of perceptions and expectations of patients and nurses. Therefore, it is recommended to design and implement programs to improve the quality of nursing services after investigating and identifying the reasons for the lack of quality of services.

Background: Instructors' caring behaviors are regarded as one of the most impressive factors in the process of clinical training which is significant to promote the students' self-efficacy and self-confidence. Thus, it is of great importance to identify and promote the instructors' caring behaviors. Objectives: This study was performed aiming to determine the students' perception of instructors' caring behaviors in Zanjan province. Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study which was conducted in 2021 on 235 nursing students of bachelor degree from the 4 th semesters onwards in Zanjan province who were included in the study by stratified random sampling. To collect data, the questionnaires of demographic information and "Nursing Students Perception of Instructor Caring" were used. Statistical analysis was performed by independent ttest, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS software version 25. Results:The meanSd of instructors' caring behaviors was 126.37±14.70. The highest and lowest mean scores were related to the dimensions of respectful sharing (5.08) and control versus flexibility (3.26) respectively. There was a statistically significant relationship between creating a supportive learning climate and students' marital status (t=-1/9, p=0.05) and also between the appreciation of life's meaning and control versus flexibility with students' semesters (p<0.05). Conclusion:From the perspective of nursing students, the instructor's caring behavior was in average level. Therefore, it is recommended to take action in order to improve the instructors' caring behavior through training workshops.