Background. A number of surgical techniques for implant site preparation have been advocated to enhance the implant of primary and secondary stability. However, there is insufficient scientific evidence to support the association between the surgical technique and implant stability. Purpose. This review aimed to investigate the influence of different surgical techniques including the undersized drilling, the osteotome, the piezosurgery, the flapless procedure, and the bone stimulation by low-level laser therapy on the primary and/or secondary stability of dental implants. Materials and methods. A search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, and grey literature was performed. The inclusion criteria comprised observational clinical studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) conducted in patients who received dental implants for rehabilitation, studies that evaluated the association between the surgical technique and the implant primary and/or secondary stability. The articles selected were carefully read and classified as low, moderate, and high methodological quality and data of interest were tabulated. Results. Eight clinical studies were included then they were classified as moderate or high methodological quality and control of bias. Conclusions. There is a weak evidence suggesting that any of previously mentioned surgical techniques could influence the primary and/or secondary implant stability.

Porcelain laminate veneers have been a common treatment strategy in dental clinics. It is a conservative method for treatment of esthetic and functional problems in anterior region of oral cavity. Wide range of dental ceramics is now available on market for fabrication of laminate veneers. Clinician should have enough knowledge regarding the composition and properties of these materials in order to be able to choose the appropriate one according to clinical situations.

Metal-ceramic restorations are widely used in dentistry with a high degree of general success. However, fracture of these restorations does occur and usually frustrates both the dentist and the patient. Objective: This literature review discusses the factors that may lead to the fracture of these restorations whether they are tooth-supported or implant-supported with the aim of making dentists and technicians aware of these factors to avoid them. Factors reviewed include: technical factors, dentist-related factors, inherent material properties, direction, magnitude and frequency of applied loads, environmental factors, screw-retained implant-supported restorations, and posterior cantilevered prostheses. Material and Methods: A netbased search in "Pubmed" was performed and combined with a manual search. The search was limited to articles written in English. Conclusions: the published literature revealed that the factors predisposing to fracture of metal-ceramic restorations may be related to the technician, dentist, patient, environment, design of the restoration, or to inherent structure of ceramics and others. However, if the dentist and technician understand these factors and respect the physical characteristics of the materials, most of those are avoidable.

Hypodontia is defined as the developmental absence of one or more teeth which can affect both the primary and permanent dentition. During the diagnosis procedure several other dental and oral symptoms can be observed. However esthetic and psychological problems require special attention for these patients, considering that they are often associated with low self-esteem and problems of social acceptance. The optimal therapy should include an interdisciplinary team approach. This review aimed to find out prevalence, causes, clinical manifestations, and treatment modalities of hypodontia. A case report describes that the treatment planning for a patient suffering from oligodontia is introduced at the end of the review. A specialist with the patient together made the decision regarding treatment.

Achieving an optimal esthetic result when replacing missing anterior teeth with a fixed partial denture can be a challenge. This is especially true when interdisciplinary treatment is needed and the patient refuses this for personal or financial reasons. Here we report a clinical case where a fixed partial denture was used to change the incisor relationship and to restore the normal tooth and gingival tissue shape, morphology, and relationship by including artificial gingiva within the fixed partial denture when the patient refused lengthy and costly multispecialty treatment options.