Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an inflammatory disease that may cause inflammatory responses if it is not controlled; and may also lead to clinical manifestations such as retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Interleukin 6 (IL6) is an important proinflammatory cytokine that controls the influence of systemic inflammation on acute phase responses. To work effectively, IL6 must bind with its IL6 receptor (IL6R). Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the possible associations between two IL6R polymorphisms, namely, rs2229238 and rs4845625, and their susceptibility to T2D. Patients and Methods: This case-control study was done on 250 T2D patients and 250 healthy individuals. The polymorphisms were genotyped using an amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Results: Our findings showed that either the rs2229238 or the rs4845625 variant was associated with T2D in a sample of the Iranian population. The rs2229238 C/T polymorphism showed a strong significant difference in the CT genotype (OR = 0.38, %95 CI = 0.23 -0.65, P = 0.000), as well as in the TT genotype (OR = 0.18, %95 CI = 0.05 -0.63, P = 0.007) as a protective factor against T2D in both the patient and the control group. In contrast, the rs4845625 C/T polymorphism showed a significant difference in the CT genotype (OR = 1.92, %95 CI = 1.15 -3.23, P = 0.031) and in the TT genotype (OR = 1.59, %95 CI = 1.08 -2.38, P = 0.021) as a risk factor for T2D in both the patient and the control group. An investigation of the alleles relating to these single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showed that the T allele of rs2229238 (OR = 0.34, %95 CI = 0.22 -0.52, P = 0.000) and the T allele of rs4845625 (OR = 1.43, % 95 CI = 1.11 -1.84, P = 0.006) were significantly different between the subject and control groups, and that these two polymorphisms play a protective and a risk factor role in T2D, respectively. A statistical analysis of the demographic and clinical data showed no significant association between the CC genotype and the CT + TT genotype: in the patient group, with the exception of body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.023) in the rs4845625 polymorphism and in the control group, with the exception of HDL (P = 0.025) in the rs2229238 SNP. Conclusions: We identified a strong association between the T allele of IL6R gene polymorphisms (rs2229238, rs4845625) and the risk of T2D in a protective role and as a risk factor, respectively. We also found different BMI and HDL values between the patient group and the control group, respectively in compare genotypes (CT+TT vs. CC). Further studies on various ethnicities are necessary to verify our findings.

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Background: Since insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) is the main substrate of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase and has been detected to activate phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase and promote GLUT4 translocation, the IRS-1 gene is a possible candidate for development of type2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity. Preilipin (PLIN) coats intracellular lipid droplets and modulates adipocyte lipolysis. Objectives: In this study, we investigated whether insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Perilipin (PLIN) genes polymorphism were associated with Type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, and lipid profiles in a sample of the Iranian population (Southeast of Iran). Methods: In this randomized case-control study (Feb, 2016

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Migraine is a chronic neurological disease characterized by recurrent moderate to severe headaches commonly in association with neuro-inflammation. Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) regulate the expression of iron metabolism genes and control cytosolic iron concentrations in order to optimize cellular iron availability. The current study aimed to investigate the possible associations IRP-1 and-2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and susceptibility to migraine in Iranian patients. In a prospective case-control study, we studied blood samples of 190 patients with migraine and 200 healthy controls for analysis of gene variants. Genotyping for the IRP-1 SNP: G-32373708A (rs867469), and IRP-2 SNP: G-49520870A (rs17483548) were performed using PCR-ASO and PCR-RFLP respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 21.0 (SPSS, Chicago) and SNPStats version 1.14.0. Among IRP SNPs, rs867469 (GG genotype, adjusted OR = 3.82, 95% CI = 1.131-12.953, P = 0.031) and rs17483548 (GG genotype, adjusted OR = 19.12, 95% CI = 3.69-99.05, P = 0.001) were significantly associated with migraine. The most frequent genotypes in the migraineurs were GA in both SNPs rs867469 (58%), and rs17483548 (68%). Moreover, there was significant statistically relationship between rs17483548 SNP (GG genotype, adjusted OR = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.013-0.745, P = 0.025) and different subclasses (without and with aura) of migraine. Our data indicated that G/G genotypes in both the G-32373708A-IRP-1 and G-49520870A-IRP-2 polymorphisms could be associated with increased risk for migraine. Therefore, it is suggested that in addition to other factors, IRP-1 and IRP-2SNPs may play a pivotal role in the migraine.