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Background: Birth injuries occur during the birth process. The progress made in birth care and prenatal diagnosis has reduced the prevalence of birth injuries around the globe. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of birth injuries and their determining factors in Hamadan Fatemieh Hospital, 2020 - 2021. Methods: In this case- control study, all live births between 2020 and 2021 were examined on the first day of birth. In the case of detecting any birth injury, the cases were categorized by injury type and were recorded on a pre-designed form along with the risk factors. An equal number of neonates with no birth injuries were also examined for the same risk factors. Independent test and chi-square test was used to assess in two groups. The results were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: During the study, 66 birth injuries were recorded among 5,592 births (incidence rate 11.8 per 1,000 live births). Proportion incidence of birth injuries were caput succedaneum (28.8%), cephalohematoma (22.7%), ecchymosis (9.1%), subgaleal hemorrhage (7.6%), hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (7.6%), Erb’s palsy (6.1%), abrasion and subconjunctival hemorrhage (3%), and laceration and humerus fracture and clavicle fracture (1.5%). Control group was included 65 neonates without any types of birth injury whom matched with cases in gestational age and weight. According to findings of two groups, these factors lower gestational age, lower Apgar, delivery method (vaginal), and responsible person for delivery significantly related with incidence of birth injuries (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: The most prevalent birth injury in Fatemieh Hamadan Medical Training Center was soft tissue injuries, that course training should be provided for health workers.

Background: Late preterm infants are born at a gestational age between 34+1 and 36+6 weeks, they have higher morbidity and mortality rates than term infants (gestational age ≥37 weeks). Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study the medical records of late preterm infant hospitalized in Fatemieh hospital, Hamadan- Iran, were extracted during a one-year period (March 2018– March 2019). Demographic information including sex, birth weight, causes of hospitalization and complications of the disease, length of stay, and outcome were assessed. Results: Out of 150 infants studied in this research, 52% were female and 48% were male. Mean weight was 2775±572 gr with mean admission days of 9.1±4.7 days. Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) was the most common cause of admission (80.7%). Neonatal mortality rate was overall 7.3%. According to logistic regression, need for resuscitation and ventilation, central nervous system (CNS) involvement (seizure) (P≤0.001), congenital heart disease (P≤0.001), need to surfactant administration (P=0.034), pneumonia (P=0.018), feeding problems (P≤0.001), hypoglycemia (P=0.048) and septicemia (P≤0.001), could all possibly correlate with the occurrence of death in late-preterm infants.Conclusion: Neonatal mortality is high in late preterm infants and can be predicted by the need to intensive supports for respiratory distress syndrome, CNS involvement, congenital heart disease, and septicemia.

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