Abstract. The present study was carried out to determine the concentration and distribution status of some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn) in the paddy field soil fractions of MADA in the state of Kedah, Malaysia. Five replicate samples were randomly collected from five paddy fields in the MADA area of Jitra. The heavy metals in the soil were extracted using sequential extraction method that was presented by Badri and Aston [1], which consisted of four different fractions using different reagents. The first fraction of extraction is the easily leachable and freely exchangeable fraction (ELFE), which uses ammonium acetate (NH 4 CH 3 COO). The second fraction is acid reduction fraction (AR), which uses hydroxylamine chloride (NH 2 OH_HCl), while the third fraction of extraction called the organic oxidation fraction (OO) was carried out using the combination of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), and ammonium acetate (NH 4 CH 3 COO). The last fraction called the resistant fraction uses concentrated nitrate acid (HNO 3 ) and perchlorate acid (HClO 4 ). Generally, all the paddy soils in this study contained low levels of Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn concentration compared to the other paddy soils. The result showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the studied area was in the following decreasing order i.e.: Pb > Zn > Cu > Cd. The results also showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the paddy soil fractions were mainly concentrated in the RR fraction except for Pb, which was at the highest level in the OO fraction, whilst Cd was more evenly distributed throughout the whole soil fraction. In general, Pb was the highest metal concentration found in the OO fraction followed by Zn in the RR fraction of the soil fractions.

The objective of this study was to assess antibacterial activity in vitro of crude extracts from leaves of Cistus salviifolius on pathogenic bacteria. Screening of antibacterial activity of ethanol, methanol, distilled water and acetone extracts with three concentrations of each one (5, 10 and 15)g/100ml of Cistus salviifoliusleaves were estimated against four types of pathogenic bacteria (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Erwinia carotovora, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) were investigatedafter incubation at 37°C for 24hrs by using Well Diffuion Method  employing 100µL of each sample. The antibacterial activity is determined from the evaluation of the zone of inhibition. Antibaterial activity of all extracts was compared with that for a six of antibiotics by using antibiograme test. All extracts of Cistus salviifolius showed clear antibacterial activity against pathogenic bacteria, which this activity wasenhanced with the increasing of concentrations belongs to them. The latest concentration 15g/100ml of all extracts gave highest activity againsttested strains. In this research three replications were done. In this study, it was found that ethanol extract of Cistus salviifolius showed the highest inhibition zone against Agrobacterium tumefaciens with 27.35 mm diameter at concentration 15g/100ml. The effect of Ciprofloxacin CIP 5µg against Agrobacterium tumefacienswas better than the effect of Nitrofurantion F 300µg and Gentamicin CN 10µg. A resist of pathogenic bacteria to Oxacillin OX 1µg and Cefoxitin FOX 30µg was noticed. Fusidic Acid FD 10µg only effected on Erwinia carotovora with inhibition zone (15.16 mm).