For a long time, literacy has had a deeper meaning than just the ability of reading and writing. Chemical literacy, as a part of science literacy, represents the use of chemical knowledge and skills in solving real life problems. With the increasing influence that chemistry has on society, chemical literacy becomes one of the main goals of science education. In order to examine the knowledge of chemical facts related to real life (as a prerequisite for chemical literacy) of high school students (N = 379), we designed a knowledge test and constructed a scoring scale for evaluating achievements. The obtained results are contrary to expectations, i.e. a large number of students did not achieve a satisfactory level of knowing selected chemical facts chosen by the authors. The small number of correct answers per question indicates that the examined sample of students does not show a desirable level of chemical knowledge, implying that there is a need for new, improved, strategies in chemistry teaching.