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This research studies on the effect of additive (Dolomite) on Biomass powder (Cassava rhizome) which passes Torrefied process and fixed bed at 250 degrees Celsius for one hour and a half. The gasifier with up-draft type was used in this experiment. Air pressure was fixed at 0.1 Bar. The useful heat (Quseful) and Low heating valves (LHV) was investigated by using an Automatic Bomb Calorimeter. Moreover, the dolomite was varied 0, 10 and 15% by weight mixed with Cassava rhizome achieved with Torrefied process. When Low heating valves (LHV) slightly decreases from 21.96±0.22 MJ/kg to 18.15±0.50 MJ/kg, Quseful heat from the burning from gasifier sharply increase when it is mixed with dolomite from 753.34±39.18 to 1,003.97±33.49KJ respectively. The loading of dolomite has significance affecting the useful heat. The present study reveals that low heating valves (LHV) decreases and Quseful heat increase result from dolomite which gives a clean gas product and the Tar molecule can be easily broken. The CO2 gas from the combustion process was absorbed by CaO, which is the main component in dolomite. The cost of mixing 8.9% of Dolomite with Cassava rhizome is the optimum ratio for the biomass combustion process.

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This research studies the effect of the torrefaction process by using a rotary kiln on torrefied biomass properties. The torrefaction rotary kiln and palm kernel shell were used in this research. An investigation focused on and studied the palm kernel shell in the torrefaction process using a torrefaction rotary kiln. The solid phase (biochar), liquid phase (condensed liquid), and gas-phase ratio were clarified. The feasibility of a palm kernel shell as renewable energy was investigated. Palm kernel shell waste is abundant in the southern region of Thailand. The waste from palm kernel shells is around 500,000 tons per year and increasing every year. The palm kernel shell (raw material) has an advantage as high calorific value. Moreover, the palm kernel shell is potentially fuel in the boiler (instead of charcoal) and is widely used in many power plants. The value of the palm kernel shell depends on the quality of biomass. To find an optimum condition in the palm kernel shell industrial process, the temperature of the torrefaction process and rotation speed were set at 230, 250, 270°C, and 1, 2, 3 rpm, respectively. The product yield, characteristics of torrefied biomass, moisture content, particle distribution, mass yield, and energy yield were reported. From the result, the solid phase product was decreased when the torrefaction temperature increased, the fluid phase product and gas-phase product were increased. The particle size after torrefaction was smaller than raw biomass. The mass yield and energy yield decreased when the torrefaction was increased. On the other hand, the mass yield and energy yield increased when rotation speed was increased. It was concluded that the optimum condition for palm kernel shell in torrefaction process was 230°C with 3 rpm. The torrefaction process can improve the properties and combustion performance of biomass. The palm kernel shell was a suitable fuel and co-burning in the economic energy plant in the torrefaction process with the optimum condition.